Overview
This summary outlines the main events, characters, and themes of Euripides' "Hippolytus," focusing on divine vengeance, forbidden love, honor, and tragic misunderstanding.
Dramatis Personae and Setting
- Main characters: Aphrodite, Hippolytus (son of Theseus), Phaedra (Theseus' wife), Nurse, Theseus, Chorus.
- Setting: In front of the royal palace at Troezen, with statues of Aphrodite and Artemis.
Plot Summary
- Aphrodite is angered by Hippolytus' devotion to Artemis and neglect of her.
- She causes Phaedra to fall in love with Hippolytus.
- Phaedra hides her feelings to protect her honor and children.
- The Nurse reveals Phaedra's love to Hippolytus, who is outraged and rejects her.
- Fearing shame, Phaedra takes her own life, leaving a letter falsely accusing Hippolytus.
- Theseus believes the accusation, curses Hippolytus, and calls on Poseidon for vengeance.
- Hippolytus is exiled and fatally injured by a sea-monster.
- Artemis appears, reveals the truth, and clears Hippolytus before he dies.
Major Themes and Ideas
- The destructive force of divine vengeance and passion.
- The conflict between chastity (Hippolytus/Artemis) and desire (Phaedra/Aphrodite).
- Tragic consequences of misunderstanding and rash judgment.
- The risks of personal honor and reputation.
- Human limitations and the dangers of pride.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Aphrodite/Cypris — Goddess of love, instigator of the conflict.
- Artemis — Goddess of chastity, honored by Hippolytus.
- Chastity — Sexual purity, valued by Hippolytus.
- Divine Retribution — Punishment from the gods.
- Exile — Banishment as punishment.
- Tragic Irony — The audience knows the truth before the characters.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review character motivations and relationships.
- Note the role of divine intervention in the plot.
- Reflect on how honor and misunderstanding lead to tragedy.
- Suggested reading: Full text of "Hippolytus" by Euripides.