AP Psychology Unit 1 Notes: Scientific Foundations

Summary

This unit covers the structure and function of different brain parts, including neural anatomy and processes.
Discusses biological systems' influence on thinking and behavior, including genetics and the endocrine system.
Applies biological psychology research to states of consciousness and sensation.

Genetic Predisposition: Increased chance of developing specific traits or conditions due to genetic makeup.
Neurons: Nerve cells forming the nervous system; each neuron has discrete parts.
Neurotransmitters: Chemicals enabling neuron communication, fitting into receptor sites like a key.
Central Nervous System (CNS): Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Endocrine System: Glands secreting hormones affecting biological processes, controlled by the hypothalamus.
Cerebral Cortex: The brain's outer layer of densely packed neurons, grows connections as we learn.
Hemispheres: Divided into left and right; control opposite sides of the body.
Circadian Rhythm: 24-hour metabolic and thought cycle affecting daily activities like sleep.
REM: Stage of sleep with rapid eye movement and muscle twitching.
Transduction: Sensory signals transformed into neural impulses, sent to the brain.
Trichromatic Theory: Three types of cones detect primary colors blue, red, green.
Opponent-Process Theory: Sensory receptors in pairs; inhibition when one is stimulated.
Place Theory: Different cochlea areas respond to sound frequencies.
Conduction Deafness: Issue conducting sound to cochlea.
Nerve Deafness: Damage to cochlea hair cells, often by loud noise.
Gate Control Theory: Prioritizes pain messages to the brain.
Taste Receptors: Located on tongue papillae.

Details different neurotransmitter types and functions essential for understanding psychological processes.

Note: For further exam preparation, refer to Barron’s AP Psychology prep books and other resources.