Induced States of Consciousness: Hypnosis and Meditation

Hypnosis

• Common Misconception:

  • Hypnosis isn't like the Hollywood depiction (e.g., pocket watch).
  • Hypnotists can't force anyone to do anything without their consent.

• How it Works:

  • Suggestion: Hypnotist’s success depends on how open a person is to suggestion.
  • Example: Telling someone they're swaying can make them sway.
  • Relaxation and Focus: State induced by focusing on breathing or a particular spot.
  • Brain Activity: EEG shows more Alpha waves indicating an awake but relaxed state.

• Applications and Risks:

  • Memory Retrieval: Controversial and unreliable due to the creation of false memories.
  • Pain Management: May reduce brain activity in areas processing sensory input while keeping sensory cortex active.
  • Effectiveness: Relies on belief in the process, otherwise, traditional techniques are needed.

Meditation

• Types of Meditation:

  • Guided: Focused on breathing, muscle relaxation, etc.
  • Unfocused: Letting the mind wander freely.

• Brain Activity:

  • Light Meditation: Increased Alpha waves, similar to relaxation.
  • Deep Meditation: Increased Theta waves, seen in experts like Tibetan monks.

• Long-term Effects:

  • Studies show increased activity in:
    • Prefrontal cortex
    • Right hippocampus
    • Right anterior insula
  • Suggests improved attention control.

• Potential Benefits:

  • Aid for attention-related disorders like ADHD.
  • Helpful in managing attentional deficits due to aging.