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Anatomy and Dissection of Lamprey

Jan 29, 2025

Lamprey Dissection Lecture Notes

Overview of Lamprey

  • Lamprey is a jawless fish with a circular mouth.
  • It attaches to prey (usually fish) using a circular muscle.
  • Uses horned teeth to drill holes and suck blood from prey, making it parasitic.

Anatomical Locations

  • Anterior Aspect: Mouth region.
  • Posterior Aspect: Opposite mouth, where fins are.
  • Dorsal Aspect: Back, location of dorsal fins.
  • Ventral Aspect: Belly side.

Headward Region Anatomy

  • Eyes: Appear cloudy due to preservative.
  • External Nostril: Tiny hole leading to olfactory bulb for smell processing.
  • Lateral Line System: Detects water vibrations, similar to tympanic membrane in humans.

Gills

  • External Gills: Series of holes for water entry and gas exchange.
  • Internal Gill Slit: Connects external gills to internal structures.

Fins and Movement

  • Single Dorsal Fin: Lacks paired fins, moves snake-like in water.
    • Anterior Dorsal Fin
    • Posterior Dorsal Fin
  • Caudal Fin: Used for propulsion.

Cloaca and Anus

  • Anus: End of digestive tract.
  • Cloaca: Common opening for reproductive and urinary tracts.

Dissection Process

  • Cut midline through the lamprey using a scalpel.
  • Ensure a firm grip and careful cutting.

Internal Anatomy

  • Buccal Cavity: Contains horned teeth, used for gripping.
    • Buccal Papillae: Sensory structures around the mouth.
  • Pharynx: Leads to dorsal and ventral branches.
    • Dorsal Branch: Forms esophagus and intestine.
    • Ventral Branch: Becomes respiratory tube with gills.

Internal Organs

  • Esophagus and Intestine: Part of digestive tract.
  • Liver: Green organ near intestine.
  • Gonads: Reproductive organs.
  • Heart: Muscular structure posterior to gills.

Nervous System

  • Olfactory Bulb: Processes smell from external nostril.
  • Brain: Located near olfactory bulb.
  • Spinal Cord: Continuation of the brain.
  • Notochord: Provides flexible support, characteristic of chordates.

Cartilage

  • Provides additional support to the lamprey.

Conclusion

  • The lecture covered the external and internal anatomy of the lamprey, highlighting its adaptation as a parasitic organism and the evolutionary features of chordates.