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Overview of Brain Lobes and Cortex Functions
Nov 17, 2024
Brain Lobes and Cerebral Cortex Overview
Introduction
Discussion on the cerebral cortex and its lobes.
Focus on four main lobes: Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital.
Brief mention of the Insula (not covered in detail).
Brain Lobes
1. Frontal Lobe
Primary Motor Cortex (PMC):
Involved in voluntary movement.
Controls contralateral sides (e.g., left PMC controls right side).
Motor Association Cortex:
Includes Premotor and Supplementary Motor Cortex.
Planning, sequencing, and execution of movement.
Frontal Eye Fields:
Involved in voluntary eye movements.
Prefrontal Cortex:
Functions: memory, learning, personality, behavior, judgment, reasoning, decision making.
Broca's Area:
Involved in speech production.
2. Temporal Lobe
Primary Auditory Cortex:
Awareness of sound, pitch, frequency, and localization.
Auditory Association Cortex:
Analyzes and recognizes sounds, storing them in memory.
Wernicke's Area:
Comprehension of language (written and spoken).
Primary Olfactory Cortex:
Awareness and recognition of smell.
3. Parietal Lobe
Primary Somatosensory Cortex:
Awareness of somatic sensations (fine touch, proprioception, vibration, pressure).
Somatosensory Association Cortex:
Analyzes and recognizes somatic sensations.
Posterior Association Area:
Multimodal association area for spatial coordination of stimuli.
4. Occipital Lobe
Primary Visual Cortex:
Conscious awareness of visual stimuli.
Visual Association Cortex:
Analyzes visual stimuli (color, movement, angles).
Insula
Functions:
Awareness of taste and its qualities (sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami).
Awareness of visceral sensations (GI tract, heart, lungs).
Potentially where vestibular cortex is located (sense of movement).
Key Demarcations/Sulci
Central Sulcus:
Separates frontal and parietal lobes.
Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Fissure):
Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes.
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus:
Separates parietal and occipital lobes.
Pre-Occipital Notch:
Imaginary line separates occipital from temporal.
Conclusion
Overviewed cerebral cortex and lobes.
Discussed functional areas and their roles.
Encouraged further engagement and exploration.
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