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Levers and Their Classes

Oct 1, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains the concept of levers as simple machines, describes their three classes, and introduces a mnemonic device to remember them.

What Are Levers?

  • Levers are simple machines found in tools and the human body.
  • A lever works by applying force at one point to move a load at another point, pivoting around a fulcrum.
  • The arrangement of the force, load, and fulcrum determines the lever class.

Classes of Levers

  • First class lever: Fulcrum is between the force and load (e.g., seesaw, scissors, pliers).
  • Second class lever: Load is between the force and fulcrum (e.g., wheelbarrow, nutcracker, stapler).
  • Third class lever: Force (effort) is between the fulcrum and load (e.g., hockey stick, rake, hammer).

Mnemonic Device: FLE 1-2-3

  • Write "FLE" with numbers 1, 2, 3 below to remember lever classes.
  • "F" stands for fulcrum, "L" for load, "E" for effort (force).
  • First class: "F" under 1; fulcrum in the middle.
  • Second class: "L" under 2; load in the middle.
  • Third class: "E" under 3; effort in the middle.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Lever — A simple machine with a rigid bar that pivots around a fulcrum to move a load.
  • Fulcrum — The pivot point of a lever.
  • Load — The object to be moved by the lever.
  • Effort/Force — The input force applied to the lever.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the FLE 1-2-3 mnemonic for memorizing lever classes.
  • Study examples of each lever class and identify them in real life.