Synthetic Colors in Food: A Warning for Children's Health

Introduction

• Synthetic colors in foods are used to enhance sensory appeal but provide no nutritional benefit.
• These colors are linked to health issues, particularly in children.
• Groups most affected include children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Health Impacts of Synthetic Colors

• Pathological Conditions: Associated with cancer, allergies, gastrointestinal, and respiratory problems.
• Behavioral Changes: Notably in children with ASD and ADHD.
• Neurodevelopmental Concerns: Can affect social interaction and school performance.

Impact on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Children with ASD often have Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID).
• ARFID leads to selective eating habits, often influenced by the color of food.

Impact on Children with ADHD

• Synthetic dyes can exacerbate ADHD symptoms.
• Studies suggest a link between synthetic dyes and increased hyperactivity.

Research Methodology

• Comprehensive literature analysis was conducted.
• Studies from various databases were reviewed for methodological quality and relevance.

Results

• Synthetic Dyes Development: First developed in 1771, with significant usage increase over time.
• Global Usage: Over 8 million tons used annually.
• Regulations: Brazil allows more types of synthetic dyes than the US.
• Health Effects: Examples include carcinogenic and genotoxic potential.

Discussion

• Chemical Properties: Synthetic dyes are chemically reducible and may cause oxidative stress.
• ADHD and Synthetic Dyes: Erythrosine (Red No. 3) impacts ADHD symptoms by interfering with neurotransmitter pathways.
• Zinc Metabolism: Synthetic dyes may adversely affect zinc levels, impacting children with ASD.

Challenges and Limitations

• Lack of comprehensive, long-term studies.
• Challenges in isolating dye effects from other factors like sugar.

Alternatives to Synthetic Dyes

• Natural Dyes: Derived from plants and animals, offering safer alternatives.
• Microbial Dyes: Produced by bacteria, posing as a sustainable alternative.

Conclusion

• Synthetic dyes pose risks to children's health, particularly those with ASD and ADHD.
• Awareness and regulation are crucial.
• Promotion of natural alternatives and better labeling is advised.