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History and Significance of Stagville Plantation

May 4, 2025

Stagville Plantation in Southern United States

Overview

  • Stagville was a massive plantation near Durham, North Carolina, covering 47 square miles.
  • Known for its simplicity and self-sufficiency, differing from typical lush, lavish plantations of the pre-Civil War South.
  • Represented the humility and lack of pretense still characteristic of Durham today.

Historical Background

  • Formed by the merger of lands from the Bennehan and Cameron families in 1803.
  • By 1860, the plantation had grown to 30,000 acres around central residences.

Agricultural and Economic Aspects

  • Operated in an agrarian society with fields of vegetables and cash crops like cotton and tobacco.
  • Included hills of pine and deciduous trees.

Slavery at Stagville

  • Housed around 900 slaves by the 1860s.
  • Slaves needed three days to traverse the property on foot.
  • Only one known escapee, who fled during a family trip to Philadelphia.

Structures at Stagville

  • Original buildings include the Bennehan family home from the 1700s.
  • Existing structures also feature a yeoman farmer's home from earlier American history, an original timber barn, and four two-story slave family dwellings.

Significance

  • Stagville was one of the largest plantations in the South and the largest in North Carolina.
  • Symbolizes the sources of national identity strife, contributing to tensions leading to the Civil War.

Current Status

  • Some buildings at Stagville remain standing today, serving as historical artifacts of plantation life and slavery in the United States.