Hello, how are you, my motivated students? So today, we will look at the agreement of the past participle in five minutes, more or less. Don't forget to subscribe to this channel in order to stay current each time a new video comes out. Don't forget that you can also subscribe on our social networks, like Instagram or Facebook. All the links are below this video in the description. We will begin. So then, the agreement of the past participle with the subject or the complement, it's a problem when it concerns compound tenses. So if it's with the auxiliary "avoir", there is no agreement. I will say for example: "ils ont mangé" (they ate). And « mangé » will be written - E "accent aigu" at the end. But if there is a complement of the direct object, and if the complement of the direct object is placed in front of the verb, then we have to make the agreement with the complement of the direct object. For example: "les pâtes que j’ai mangées hier soir" (the pasta that I ate yesterday evening). « Mangées », - ÉES, because pasta is feminine, and it's plural. But be careful, two very important comments! First comment, with the pronoun - EN, we don't make the agreement, we will write: "des pâtes, j'en ai mangé" (the pasta, I ate some). « Mangé », E "accent aigu". Second comment, so here, be careful, it gets a little complicated! If we have a rather particular case where a verb in the infinitve follows our conjugated verb and we have a COD before our verb. So here be careful, you must make the agreement with the COD only if the COD, placed before the verb, makes the action on the verb in the infinitive. Let's now look at an example, it will be easier: "les guitaristes que j'ai entendus jouer" (the guitarists who I heard playing). So then « entendus », - US, we will make the agreement with « les guitaristes » which is the COD and which is placed before the verb - ENTENDRE. Why? Because it's the guitarists who are playing, okay? On the other hand, if I say: "ces airs que j'ai entendu jouer" (these tunes which I heard played). So then here, it isn't « les airs » who are playing but someone who played these tunes, and we don't know who! So in this case here, we don't make the agreement, « entendu », - U. And lastly, be careful, if it concerns the verbs LAISSER or FAIRE, so here, there is never agreement. We will say for example: "les prisonniers que j'ai laissé partir" (the prisoners who I let leave). « Laissé », E "accent aigu". "Les pâtes que j'ai fait cuire" (The pasta which I cooked). « Fait », F-A-I-T. Now if we have the auxiliary "être", well then we make the agreement with the subject. For example: "ils sont passés par là" (They passed by there). « Passés » - ÉS, "E accent aigu", S. So let's look at another example: "ils sont allés pêcher" (they went fishing). So then « allés », - ÉS. So now it gets a little complicated, let's see this with a pronominal verb. I will first give you a tip. It's not totally true, but it's a tip if ever you want to simplify things. So then simply, you make the agreement with the subject. For example: "elles se sont lavées" (they washed themselves). « Elles », plural, so « lavées » - ÉES. "Ils se sont échappés" (They escaped). « Ils », plural, « échappés » - ÉS. So now we will look at the rule for real. So then, we make the agreement with the complement of the direct object if it's placed before the verb. So if I say for example: « ils se sont lavés » (they washed themselves), in fact, the complement of the direct object, here it's the pronoun - SE. Why? Because they washed what? - SE. Okay? So then « lavés » - ÉS. I will also say: "les mains qu’ils se sont lavées" (their hands which they washed). They washed what? Their hands. In this case here, « lavées » - ÉES. Because « mains » is femnine - plural. But watch out, if I say: « ils se sont lavé les mains » (they washed their hands), Here, the complement of the direct object, is « les mains » and it's placed after the verb. Donc, « lavé », - É, we don't make the agreement. And watch for this, it must concern a complement of a direct object. Because for example, if I say: « ils se sont regardés » (they looked at each other), - ÉS, because they looked at whom? Themselves, "ils". But if I say: « ils se sont parlé » (they talked to each other), « parlé » - É because it's talking to someone. So in this case here, there isn't a complement of a direct object, it concerns a complment of an indirect object. So then two important comments. First comment: if the reflexive pronoun is unanalysable, we cannot analyse it, we make the agreement with the subject. For example: "elle s'est échappée" (she escaped). « Échappée », - ÉE. "Elles se sont tues" (they shut up), it's the verb - SE TAIRE, so then « tues », T-U-E-S. Good, so we see that in the verb - S'ÉCHAPPER or in the verb - SE TAIRE, the pronoun, here reflexive, cannot be analysed, it's not a complement of a direct object. Second comment: the rules which we mentioned for the auxiliary - AVOIR also applies here. So then let's look at this with some examples, it will be easier. So for example: "des bonbons, ils s'en sont donné" (some candy, they gave themselves some). There is no agreement since we are using the pronoun - EN. "Elle s'est sentie mourir" (She felt herself dying), the verb is followed by an infinitive, and it's « elle » who is dying, we make the agreement. "Elle s'est senti piquer par un moustique" (She felt herself be bitten by a mosquito), it's not « elle » who bites, no agreement. "Elles se sont laissé abuser par le commerçant" (They allowed themselves to be taken advantage of by the shopkeeper), no agreement with the verb LAISSER followed by an infinitve. "Elles se sont fait engueuler" (They were yelled at). No agreement with - FAIRE plus an infinitive. There then, it wasn't so complicated after all. Good then, don't forget to subscribe to this channel. You can find us on social network too. Big hugs, and see you soon!