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Shifting Macroeconomic Curves

May 30, 2024

Lecture Notes: Shifting Macroeconomic Curves

Introduction

  • Topic: Shifting macroeconomic curves (AD, SRS, LRAS)
  • Models: Classical and Keynesian
  • Importance: Essential for exams and essays

Shifting Aggregate Demand (AD)

Classical Model

  1. Simple Version (without LRAS):

    • Initial Equilibrium: Y1, P1
    • AD Shift to the Right: From AD1 to AD2
    • Outcomes: Increase in economic growth and demand-pull inflationary pressure
  2. With LRAS Included:

    • Initial Equilibrium: Y1, P1
    • Deflationary Gap/Recessionary Gap/Negative Output Gap
    • AD Shift to the Right: From AD1 to AD2
    • Outcomes: Increase in economic growth, demand-pull inflationary pressure, moving towards full employment (YFE)

Keynesian Model

  • Only One Way to Show AD Shift
    • Initial Equilibrium at the Bend of LRAS (The Sweet Spot)
    • AD Shift to the Right: From AD1 to AD2
    • Outcomes: Increase in economic growth (Y1 to Y2), increase in demand-pull inflationary pressure (P1 to P2)
    • Evaluation: If AD is on the horizontal part, no inflationary pressure; if on the vertical part, no increase in growth, only inflationary pressure

Shifting Short-Run Supply (SRS)

  • Classical Model Phenomenon
    • Initial Equilibrium: Y1, P1
    • Positive Supply-Side Shock: Shift SRS to the right (SRS1 to SRS2)
      • Outcomes: Increase in economic growth, reduction in cost-push inflationary pressure
    • Negative Supply-Side Shock: Shift SRS to the left (SRS1 to SRS3)
      • Outcomes: Decrease in economic growth, increase in cost-push inflationary pressure (Stagflation)

Shifting Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS)

Classical Model

  • Initial Equilibrium: YFE, Price Level
  • LRAS Shift to the Right: From LRAS1 to LRAS2
    • Outcomes: Increase in actual and potential growth, reduction in cost-push inflationary pressure

Keynesian Model

  • Initial Equilibrium: AD cuts LRAS at the Bend (Sweet Spot)
  • LRAS Shift to the Right: From LRAS1 to LRAS2
    • Outcomes: Four different GDP levels on x-axis, Increase in potential growth (YFE1 to YFE2), increase in actual growth (Y1 to Y2), reduction in cost-push inflationary pressure (P1 to P2)

Conclusion

  • Both Classical and Keynesian models are valid
  • Accuracy of drawing is critical to score full marks
  • Next topic: Output Gap