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Understanding the Circle of Willis Anatomy

Apr 3, 2025

Anatomy of the Circle of Willis

Overview

  • The Circle of Willis is supplied by two main feeder pathways:
    • Internal Carotid Artery: Supplies the anterior part.
    • Vertebral Artery: Supplies the posterior part.
  • The diagram discusses the structure from an inferior view.
    • Right & Left Cerebral Hemispheres
    • Right & Left Cerebellum

Vertebral Arteries Pathway

  • Originate from the subclavian arteries.
  • Travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.
  • Proceed up through the foramen magnum.
  • Branches:
    • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
    • Posterior Spinal Arteries

Formation of Basilar Artery

  • Vertebral arteries fuse together to form the basilar artery.
  • Important branches from this merger:
    • Anterior Spinal Artery: Supplies the spinal cord and medullary pyramids.
    • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
    • Labyrinthine Arteries (also known as Internal Acoustic Arteries)
    • Pontine Branches: Supply the pons.
    • Superior Cerebellar Arteries: Supply the top of the cerebellum.

Basilar Artery Contribution to the Circle of Willis

  • Feeds into the Posterior Cerebral Artery:
    • Divided into p1 and p2 segments.
  • Connects to the Posterior Communicating Arteries.

Internal Carotid Artery Pathway

  • Supplies 80% of the Circle of Willis.
  • Branches:
    • Ophthalmic Artery
    • Middle Cerebral Artery
      • Anterior Choroidal Artery
      • Lenticulostriate Arteries: Important for supplying the internal capsule and lentiform nucleus.
    • Anterior Cerebral Artery
      • Divided into a1 and a2 segments.
      • Connects to the Anterior Communicating Artery.

Clinical Significance

  • Occlusions or aneurysms in any of these arteries can lead to significant clinical conditions.
  • Next topics to cover include cerebral ischemia and strokes.

Conclusion

  • Essential to understand the anatomy of these vessels for diagnosing and understanding cerebral pathologies.
  • Stay tuned for the next video on clinical implications.

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