Hydrocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Overview

• Hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing swelling.
• Common in infants, may resolve without treatment. Surgery may be needed if persistent.

Types of Hydroceles

1. Communicating Hydrocele

   • Connects with fluid from the abdominal cavity.
   • Common in fetal development.
   • May change in size throughout the day.

2. Noncommunicating Hydrocele

   • Occurs when processus vaginalis closes but fluid remains.
   • Size usually stable or grows slowly.

Symptoms

• Swelling in the scrotum (one or both sides).
• Discomfort or pain.
• Sensation of heaviness.
• Swelling may vary in size during the day.
• Does not typically affect fertility.

Causes

• In infants: Developmental (related to fetal development).
• In adults: Injury or inflammation.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination, may involve pressure application or lighting through the scrotum.
• Imaging tests like pelvic ultrasound or CT scan for confirmation.

Treatment

• Often resolves without treatment.
• Hydrocelectomy: Surgical removal if persistent.
  • Risks: Anesthesia, infection, swelling, bruising, scarring, recurrence.
• No medications available to shrink hydrocele.

Prevention

• No known prevention for infants.
• In older children and adults, protect scrotum from injury.

Prognosis

• Generally positive, with many cases resolving on their own.
• Surgery is effective if needed.

Living With a Hydrocele

• Does not usually interfere with normal life.
• Monitor symptoms and consult healthcare provider for changes.

Questions for Healthcare Providers

• Confirmation of hydrocele and differentiation from other conditions.
• Necessity and options for treatment.
• Advice on managing symptoms and recovery.

Additional Information

• Difference from Varicocele: Hydrocele is fluid-filled, varicocele involves swollen veins.

Care at Cleveland Clinic

• Offers specialized urology care for both adults and children.

• For more information or to book an appointment, contact Cleveland Clinic's urology service.