Transcript for:
The Indian Constitution - Class 8 Civics

Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. What are we going to study in this video? We will start a new chapter from this video Chapter of Class 8th Civics Chapter is The Indian Constitution What are we going to read in this chapter? So this video is going to be a basic introduction video In which I will tell you about what this chapter is about And what are we going to read in this chapter We will start the chapter from here See Imagine a game without the rules Let's take a football game You all must have played football I think you all must have played So Imagine a game where there are no rules Now the game starts with Vishal As soon as the game starts, the football will be converted into rugby Someone is running with the ball in his hand Someone is hitting the goal from anywhere There is an offside, there is a lot of things happening There is a hand but everything is going on What is happening with that, you will start fighting like this If there are no rules What will you do in this way This is the definition of rules So imagine a game where there is no rules and regulations and you are playing a match. You can play cricket, football, anything. So will that game be successful? No it won't. Why? Because there will be a lot of hossposs and everything will be unorganized. You won't be able to figure out what is right and what is wrong, how to play and how not to play. So we can say that if there are no rules, then therefore we can say that rules are the f**k. fundamental of the of the game to be successful I guess one make a girl up cool game cause successful banana game co game key spirit may kill a top okay I hear any rules Shirey game I hope I was condition go so much pikey Bina rules key game Casa in the absence of rule game would not be a game Q Q k sub coach as the West OGA those sense mom so much the a key how could be game killer a top okay she's got a hand up with a rules regulation kadihan retina preta a above football game ke barren Why were we studying about this? Why are we playing football in civics class? Why did we make sports class here? There is a reason behind this. Just like a football team, there is a society. What does society do? Just like you follow rules and regulations when you play a game, then only the game looks good. Similarly, if society wants to survive, if the society wants to function properly, then what do we think? We think that if we want to function properly, then there should be some rules in which everyone should respect those rules, so that there should be peace in the society. and stability in the society. So, what happens when we work on those things? We need rules and regulations while working on those things. Just like rules and regulations are required to make a game successful, similarly, if you want to make a society successful on a large scale, if you want to govern the society properly, then what will be required? Rules and regulations. Similarly, a society is also like a football team. Laws are required to govern the society. So, for example, football game rules are required. to make the game successful, to govern the game of football, similarly, the laws are needed to govern the society. If you want to run the society properly, there should be no fights in the society, everyone should live in peace, everyone should live in love, then what will you need for this? You will need laws for this. In the future, the game cannot run without the rules and regulations of the law. The society cannot run on the same basis. Should we keep the game only on the ground of football? and if you think about society at a bigger level then we need rules and regulations now where will you get these rules and regulations? so a written document in which we find such rules is called constitution so what we do is we write down all the rules we know what are our rules and what are not and where do we write all these rules and regulations? in the constitution so the question given in your book can come from here what do you mean by constitution? so constitution is a book Under which all the rules and regulations governing the country are written So in that sense this is the definition of the constitution Now you understand why the constitution is needed Because they will be able to govern the society And the book in which all the rules and regulations are written What is called by that book? That book is called Constitution Is that clear? Then we will come to the next What are we going to read in this chapter? I had told you the basics in an introduction video So we are going to tell you what are we going to read in this chapter What are the topics which you are going to study in this chapter so in that need for need of a constitution or why does a country need a constitution as you want to understand so what is the need of a constitution we will understand that I will explain you in different parts we will explain each point that why we need a constitution we will understand that then Indian constitution key features Indian Constitution We are living in India and we will study about India So what are the key features of Indian Constitution? We will try to understand them We will try to understand them We will try to know what is Indian Constitution and how it works So in our Indian Constitution, we will study about the key features We will study Federalism, Parliamentary form of Government What is separation of power? We will understand this Our fundamental rights You are coming from 6th class about fundamental rights What are the fundamental rights? We will tell you that in a minute We will discuss the things that are mentioned in your book. Then we will discuss what is secularism. So in this chapter we will discuss all these things. We will discuss all the points of your book. And we will explain you all the points. So this is going to be the content of our chapter. This was an introduction video in which I have given you an introduction about the chapter. Now what are we going to start from the next video? Need of a Constitution. We will start this topic from the next video. You can see the notes of this chapter on our official website. magnetbrains.com and download it very easily magnetbrains.com class 4th to 12th all subjects all chapters and all sub-topics are available in an arranged format which you can easily read, understand and download feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com see you in the next video thank you thank you very much hello everybody this is digraj singh rajput welcome to magnetbrains in this video what are we going to read in this video we will read Why does a country need a constitution? This is your first topic. In the first topic, we will see a broad question. The question will be, why does a country need a constitution? So, we are going to discuss 4 points in this, which will go in your answer. Now, the good thing is that we will discuss all 4 points separately, in different parts. So, we will understand all the points in depth, what is the significance of each point, what does it explain? So, let's put a question mark here. So, this is the question. And this is the first part. So, keep in mind that why does a country need a constitution? This is part one. If we talk about it, I mean, if we look at a basic introduction, that how do we see the relationship between the Constitution and democracy? What do we understand between the two? What happens here is that if we talk about the relationship between the Constitution and democracy, then look, every country that calls itself a democratic country has a constitution. and non-democratic country also has constitution how? I will give you an example China is there ok so what happens in China China calls itself a democratic country but in practice if we see they have a single party they don't have much liberty so they are a non-democratic country China also has constitution ok so having a constitution does not mean that you are a democratic country there should be some provisions in the constitution those provisions make any country a democratic or non-democratic country ok You understand? Just like you don't become good by just saying good things, you have to do it and show it. Similarly, by adopting a constitution, no one becomes democratic. Your constitution should also be democratic. And we will discuss the features of a democratic constitution and we will understand why a country needs a constitution. Okay? So, the constitution serves several purposes. The constitution that is made serves many purposes. The constitution serves many purposes. fulfill your requirements. What are those requirements? We will read them one by one and understand them one by one. So it lays out certain ideals that forms the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens aspire to live in. This is the first feature or the first point of your question. Why does a country need a constitution? You can write this and understand it well. If the question comes that why does a country need a constitution? Then its first point or the first feature is What does it want to explain? Let's understand this. It lays out certain ideals that forms the basis of the country. That we as a citizen aspire to live in Now I will explain these three things What happens is, I will give an example Let's see an example, there are many thieves Thieves are thieves, right? So there are many thieves Now we have made a country for them If you put all the thieves in one country, then there will be no theft in the other country What we did is, we put all the thieves in one country Now what did those thieves think? That we have to make a constitution Now when thieves will make a constitution So you think what kind of constitution will that be? They want a constitution where theft is not considered a crime and there is no punishment for theft. Do you understand? So what happens is that the citizens of the country show their aspirations in their constitution. Meaning, what you want you reflect in your constitution. If India believes in the constitution, then India will not believe in it. If we don't believe in equality, then we will put equality in our constitution. If we don't believe in equality, then why will we put equality in our constitution? In ISMN? So it's the same thing. Constitution does what to those ideals, those ideals to the country. and the country's ideals are based on those ideals which the citizens aspire to and the citizens want to have and they want their country to be like that and when will our country be like that? when the principles are in our constitution So, the simple thing is that the constitution lays out the certain ideals that forms the basis of the country. Basis of the kind of a country means the country you want, the country you aspire to, you put the basis of that country in your constitution. So, this is our first point in this context of why does a country need a constitution. So this is the first point. It helps us to arrive to a common consensus. Common consensus means that everyone will want the way they want. So, we need a constitution to reach the common consensus. Constitution upholds the ideas, values and beliefs of citizens of the country. Let's understand the story of Nepal. First, understand the statement of the country. So, before we start the story of Nepal, let me tell you the story of Nepal. Where is Nepal? Nepal is our neighbouring country. Like this is India, then see this part above Uttar Pradesh Bihar, this is Nepal. Near Sikkim and here near Uttarakhand. This is Nepal. Nepal is our neighbouring country. Now what happens in Nepal? What you have to do with the story of Nepal is that you have to write your own So, we have to relate our first point, it lays out the certain ideas that form the basis of the kind of country that we as a citizen aspire to live in. What you have to do is relate this point with the story of Nepal. The story of Nepal is that there was a king in Nepal. Who was the first king? Singh Gyanendra. So, what did his father do before Singh Gyanendra? He brought democratic setup in the country. So, in 1990, he brought democracy in the country and since 1990, the country was running in the form of constitutional monarchy. Singh Gyanendra was a king and he was a king too. Then Singh Gyanendra became a king. So he started taking over the democratic setup. He started to finish the democratic setup. And what did he establish? He tried to establish a monarchy. The democratic setup was established in 1990. So he removed the democratic setup. And took full power in the hands of a king like a monarch. Which was the first monarchy. So, this is how the protests started in the country. Who will protest? All the Maoists, army people, citizens, all of them started protesting against the Singh. What? That the Singh should not have done this. So, this is called the struggle for democracy in Nepal. People protest and struggle. After that, finally, the Singh accepted the government by people. And in 2008, Nepal became a democracy after demolishing the monarchy. So, now the struggle is still going on. In 2008, Nepal got independence from Monarchy and Nepal established its own democratic setup. So, this is the story we have read. Now, what did you learn from this story? You learned that people wrote a new constitution for democracy. new constitution. So what does this constitution tell? This constitution tells what the people there wanted. Did the people there want a king? No. They didn't want monarchy, they wanted democracy. So what principles did they put in their constitution? They put democratic principles only. You will put in the constitution whatever you want. In the last point, in the last slide, we told you that it lays out the certain ideas that form the basis of the country of society that the citizens aspire to live in. The citizens aspire to have such a constitution. They will make such a constitution when they get a chance. So people made such a constitution here. So why was there a protest in Nepal? Because people wanted democracy. When people want democracy, they will protest against monarchy. Why did the people wrote a new constitution? And why did people write a new constitution? Let's assume they have even brought democracy. Then why did they write a new constitution? So if you remember, I told you a while ago. What is a constitution? which contains the rules and regulations about the country and when you want to run a country about the rules and regulations a democratic country then again you don't have to write a new constitution which is made according to you earlier the system was running according to monarchy ok so now you If you want to run a system according to your own standards, you have to write a new constitution. So, this is what happens here. They wanted a constitution which reflects the ideals of the country that they wanted Nepal to be. That is, the people of Nepal wanted our country to be like this. How will such a country be made? They will make a constitution according to their own. So they made a constitution according to their own. Earlier in Nepal there was monarchy, from monarchy it went to democracy. Now there is a need to change all its constitutive rules. What are constitutive rules? Constitutive rules means that the rules that are made, the basic ones, the constituent ones, the ones that are going to be made together, are called constitutive. So, the synonym of components is constitutive. So, the constitutive rules were first based on monarchy. Now, what will be the constitutive rules? They will be based on democracy. So, for this, the people of Nepal were required to reorient their constitution. They made a constitution again. Did you understand? So, we understood the whole story. What did you understand from this Nepal story? You should understand from this Nepal story that what we were talking about here, it lays out certain ideas that forms the basis of the kind of country that we as a citizen or that citizens aspire to live in. So why do we need a constitution? The first point is that whatever your thoughts are, whatever your ideas are, whatever your ideals are, the way you want to make your country, for that you need a constitution. So that's the first point. In the same way, we will discuss more points in the next parts. So in part 2, we will read some more points. Clear? For notes on this chapter, go to our official website magnetbrains.com You can download it very easily. On magnetbrains.com, from 4th to 12th class, all the subjects, chapters and sub-topics of all the chapters are available in an arranged format. You can read them very easily, understand them and download them. Feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com. See you in the next video. Thank you, thank you very much. Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. What are we going to study in this video? In this video, we will study why does a country need a constitution? Part 2, what did we do in part 1? We discussed a point in part 1. Whose question is this? Why does a country need a constitution? So what point did we discuss in part 1? Recall it. We discussed that it lays out the certain ideas that forms the basis of the country that we as a citizen aspire to live in. What we want as a citizen, we express that in our constitution. And what do we need? That's why a country needs a constitution. One point we discussed. we discussed in the story of Nepal. Now what will we discuss in this video? In this video we will discuss two new points. Why does a country need a constitution? Look, the second reason is that Constitution defines the nature of a country's political system. Meaning, you made a constitution for the country you want and you can put provisions according to the country you want. Along with that, constitution is important for a country because Because the constitution tells us about the political system of that country. I will explain you what is political system. For example, we understand that the constitution of Nepal tells us that there is no monarchy there. What will happen? Democracy will happen. The constitution of India tells us that there is democracy in India. Now how will you know that there will be dictatorship, monarchy and democracy in India? Is it prescribed in the constitution that India is a democratic country? So in that way, the constitution defines the nature of the country. country's political system. What type of political system should be there? What should be the democracy, dictatorship, monarchy? Where do you specify this? You specify this in your constitution. So that's why a country needs a constitution. A country's constitution expresses the political system of that country. Did you understand? This is done. For example, Nepal's old and new constitution. If you understand the old constitution of Nepal, then the old constitution of Nepal was that the political system of that country was Monarchy. It was a monarchical form of government. Then if we talk about the new constitution of Nepal, the new constitution was made. What do we call a constitution? Constitution. So the new constitution of Nepal was made. So according to that new constitution, what was the political system? It was a democratic political system. Democracy came there. So in that sense, I hope you have understood our point that Constitution defines the nature of country's political system. Clear? Then if we come further, it also provides the guideline that govern decision making within these societies. Now what happens is that you have defined the political system. You have said that there will be democracy in our country and it is given in our constitution. Okay, very good. Congratulations. Now that How will democracy work? It won't work on its own feet So what rules and regulations will be there in democracy? How to govern? That too is given in our constitution It also provides the guidelines that govern decision making within these societies So the society you have made, the political system you have made whether it is democratic or monarchy How does it have to work? So the guidelines to run it where do you get them? You get those guidelines in the constitution Let's see the next one. Constitution provides us the safeguard against the powerful authority. This is the third feature or you can say the third point of your question is why does the country need a constitution? So why do we need a constitution? According to your book, the third point is is very important. Which one? That the constitution provides us the safeguard against the powerful authority. If we make this question, explain how the constitution provides the safeguard against the powerful authority. How does the constitution provide the safeguard against against the authority so here you should understand that who is powerful here powerful is being said powerful authority so who is powerful authority and why safeguard is required and why we need protection is powerful then it is powerful in their house what problem will we have so we explain this thing in your book with an example ok so in example given if we see example of the classroom situation so this example of classroom situation which is given in your book understand from this after understanding this story we will come Suresh is the class monitor, he is a bully. His classmates are not too fond of him, Mrs. Rao, the class teacher. teacher has to leave the class on some urgent work she asked suresh to mind the class suresh starts picking on anil okay so suresh started what to do means in a way it happened that sometimes the grandfathers of the class they sit in front so if the teacher has to go out for 2 minutes then the teacher goes out and he makes the child stand up and says what you do take care of the class for 2 minutes okay and likewise suresh got the power so suresh started to bother anil started to bully him what suresh does is he starts to beat anil today I am going to report you to Mrs. Rao. So Suresh tells Anil that today I am going to put your name in the name of a liar in front of the class teacher, Mrs. Rao. So poor Anil was a simple kid, he says, but what have I done? Why would you put my name in the name of a liar? So Mrs. Rao comes back in that much time. So Suresh complains to the madam, ma'am while you were away, Anil kept talking loudly and disturbing the class. He would not listen to me. Now see what happened here. So the teacher says, So, what Suresh did, as you also do, you do this, that if you make a monitor by mistake, then we catch our enemy and give him a fake name. So, Suresh did the same, gave Anil a fake name. Now, what happens here, when Anil was given a fake name, then madam was scolding Anil, so Anil, you will have to stay back after school today and write, I will not disobey the class monitor a hundred times. So, poor man had to write a hundred times, to Anil, even though he had not made any mistake. But ma'am, I did not do anything. So, in this way, Now you will understand the story. We will read every story. You will get a perspective. Now see the story. We relate the story with the chapter and the point. What was the point? Constitution provides us the safeguard against the powerful authority. What does powerful authority mean? Suppose this is a government. This is not a class, we have made it a government. Now what happened in the government? Suppose in this government, Suresh is a leader of the election. Okay? So, Suresh is a leader. Now if Suresh is a leader, then he has power because he has authority in his position. Suppose he becomes the Chief Minister, MLA, MP, Prime Minister, then he has power. And the ordinary students in the class like Anil, they are now the people, they don't have power. So what happens is, if someone has authority, if someone has power, Suresh means government, consider it. So what can the government do? It can trouble the common people. I told you earlier, who is powerful? Powerful means the authority, the leaders are powerful, they have power. And why is safeguard required? They can misuse their power and trouble the common people. As you can see, Suresh used his power to trouble Anil. In the same way, we need protection. From whom? From powerful authorities. Relate the story of classroom with government. Did you understand? If we see the classroom from the perspective of government, then the leaders have power and they are missing their power. misuse kar sakte hain, aam janata ko parishan karne ke liye. Toh ishe liye ham kya kahenge, we can say that the political leaders mein misuse their authority, wo apni authority ko misuse kar sakte hain, parishan kar sakte hain logon ko. Therefore, constitution lays down rules that guard us. and that's why the constitution does this Question is why does a country need a constitution? So, country need a constitution because constitution lays down rules that safeguard safeguard us or safeguards the citizens against the misuse of power by political leaders or misuse of power by those who are in authority those who have power today, they should not use their power wrongly should not use it on weak people so to give them protection, what is given to us? Constitution is given, laws are given in the constitution for example, our fundamental rights so if our fundamental rights are violated by the government then the government can also be punished who? Supreme Court we will read all these things in the future so in that sense, I hope you understood why does the country need a constitution? why does the country need a constitution? understood? so this is our important point point ho gaya ki country ko constitution ki zarbat ke jo hoti hai. To humne 3 point discuss kar chukke hai. Ek to country ki aspiration, country ke logo ki aspiration. Doosra kya hai yeh batata hai ki country ka political system kaisa hoga. Teesra constitution kya karta hai provides us the safeguard against the powerful authority. Ab humare paas me last point bacha usse hum discuss karenge next video me. To humara part 3 hoga why does a country need a constitution part 3 jisme hum ek aur point discuss karenge aur fir hume ek answer mil jayega bhaut acha. Char points wala. Thike to 3 points hum discuss kar chukke hai. point of next video me discuss karenge ham is chapter ke notes apamari official website magnetbrains.com par jaakar bhoat aasaani se download kar sakte hai magnetbrains.com par class 4th se class 12th tak sabhi subjects sabhi chapters aur sabhi chapters ke sub topics ek arranged format me available hai jine aap bhoat aasaani se pad sakte hai samajh sakte ho download kar sakte hai feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com milte hai next video me thank you thank you very much hello everybody this is digraj singh rajput welcome to magnet brains. In this video we will study why does a country need a constitution part 3. We have discussed three points on this topic that why does a country need a constitution. We have discussed three points. I have told you in the last video that how a political system will be like, this will be explained by a constitution. Secondly, what does a constitution tell us? A constitution tells us how to protect the powerful authority. If you want to protect So if you want to protect and protect those powerful authorities, then the constitution is necessary because the constitution specifies the laws. For example, fundamental rights. We have read all these things. Now we are going to see some more points. So why does a country need a constitution? The answer is that a constitution ensures that a dominant group does not use its power against the less powerful people or groups. Understand this. Understand this very well. What does the constitution ensure? What does the constitution ensure? That the dominant group Who is the dominant group? Let me give you an example Suppose in your class There are 5 girls and 15 boys So which is the dominant group? The majority of boys, right? So that is the dominant group Dominant group does not use its power Against the less powerful group What happened to the less powerful group? Here, as there were 5 girls So it became the less powerful group Now the girls who are watching this video The Wali students So, we will reverse the example. Suppose there are 5 boys and 15 girls. So, which is the dominant group? The dominant group is the girls. And which is the less powerful group? The boys. Now, you are justified. There will be no fight. Now, let's see what happens next. If we understand this thing, then first look at the story given in your book. Then we will discuss this point. What was the story? Game spread starts. Boys say that they will play cricket. Girls say that they will play basketball. In between, both of them play cricket. We say that there is a debate that we will play cricket and we will play basketball. The matter goes to the teacher. Now what do the teachers do? They have to see that the matter of the fight is resolved in a democratic way. So the teacher decides to settle the problem with a show of hands. How many people will want to play cricket? So now the cricket kids raised their hands. So mostly the boys wanted to play cricket. The boys were in the majority. All the boys raised their hands. There were few girls so the boys raised their hands. Girls lose. Whichever sport is played, cricket will be played. So, this boy, who is a little naughty in the class, he is laughing. He is teasing the girls. We won, we won, we have won. So now the boys won, the girls'interest was neglected. Obviously there are more boys in the class. So what do the girls argue? It's obvious that you won, there were more boys. And what did the teacher do? He decided on the basis of the majority. So, the girls decide to do what the boys want because they are in majority. Ma'am should think of another way to make decisions so that our wishes come true. are also heard. Now if you always follow the majority then the minority, like in this case who is the minority? In this case girls are the minority. So the interest of minorities is neglected. For a while the interest of minorities is not taken care of. So what does the constitution do? Didn't the constitution makers understand that if the majority prevails then the interest of minorities will be suppressed. So to balance this, the constitution ensures that the minority is not taken care of. Majority does not use its power against the less powerful groups or people. So, the less powerful group or people is a minority. So, the majority should never use its power to dominate the minority. That's why we need a constitution. The constitution ensures that the majority should not be threatened or suppressed by minorities. It's a simple thing. Let me explain it again. Majority should not exclude the interest of minorities Means minorities who are less powerful Their interests should not be excluded They should be considered Their interests should also be considered Now you will ask how can we do this How can we exclude the interests of minorities So tyranny of majority should be checked What is tyranny It is an unjust and cruel rule It is called atrocity Majority is powerful They have numerical power Sankhya Bhal means Power of numbers More people means more power So, the tyranny of majority So, the injustice of majority Should not be an unjust rule Should be checked So, if majority is doing injustice Or if majority is ruling unjustly Then it should be checked And this is what the constitution does That's why we saw this feature That the constitution ensures That the dominant group does not Use its power against the less powerful people and groups. Clear? So majority should not exclude the interest of minorities. Terrain of majority should be checked. Example given, as we see here, there will be religious domination. So, instead of dominant, we can say domination. So, religious domination happens. Sometimes we see that if one religion is found in one country, then what will they do to the other religion? They will suppress them, they will scare them. So, that should not happen. Religious domination should not happen. Second thing, member of This happens in one religion only. For example, Hindus can dominate upper caste people and lower caste people. Why? Because upper caste people have more money and they are in majority. So, this constitution ensures that there is no domination of any majority or any majority on any minority. Did you understand? It's a simple thing. Suppression means not threatening or threatening. So, we discussed this in one more point. The country need a constitution. Now this is the last point. Constitution saves us from ourselves. Constitution saves us from ourselves. We saw that it saves us from powerful authorities. It saves us from the majority. That's what we understood about the constitution. But how does it save us from ourselves? Are you thinking the same thing? I'll explain. How does it save us from ourselves? Sometimes we don't know everything. We should accept that. It's not necessary that whatever decisions we take, will always be good. because the decision we take may be wrong. So in that sense, at times we might take some decisions over an issue that might go against our large interest. What does it mean? Sometimes there are conditions where we take some decisions and some decisions are taken in such a way that they can be against our larger interest. I will give you an example. One may wish for dictatorship, frustration from party politics. This word should be taken into consideration. But in the long run it is against our decision. We see that in the country there are many political riots, political parties are trying to fill their pockets, people are not getting work in the country. So we get frustrated that politics is not working. political parties and sometimes we imagine that dictatorship is also good for democracy so let dictatorship come so in what sense are we thinking we are also getting frustrated that political parties are bad so let dictatorship come but if you imagine in the long run In the long run, will dictatorship be successful? No, it won't be. Why? If you look at Hitler's example, in dictatorship, people's liberty, independence, freedom, all that remains, starts to vanish. So, what happens is that, We have written some basic things in the constitution. There is a basic structure of the constitution. Basic structure means that we have said that India is a democratic country. When India is a democratic country and we have recognised this in the constitution, then you cannot change it overnight. What will you have to do in the future? You will have to continue that thing. Only then you can claim that India is a democratic country and this is our basic structure. It cannot be changed. So, if you think that you should do something like this, So, the Constitution protects you from your wrong decisions. You might take wrong decisions in the flow. Sometimes, while doing things, we take wrong decisions. So, who protects us from our own wrong decisions? Constitution. Constitution saves us from ourselves. So, let me explain this thing to you through a story, the story given in your book. Try to understand it. Like this story So in this story we see that Shabnam had to take a decision What decision he had to take was that his favorite TV show Or you can read it So his favorite TV show was going on He wanted to watch it but he had a test yesterday Last two days he had a test chapter shoot right BB of last case of the chapter shoot right to switch a TV de khu ya padhu dilemma me a gay a a be happy guy is dilemma se bar Nicklea Nicklea who say a decision to a not very good which a the TV de Cley a fir walk up a test key teary-carrie to work a curtail Her mother asks her why she is so worried She replies that you are watching TV, it's my favourite show and if you stop watching TV then I will also not get the same expectations So in that sense, she stops watching TV Then another bubble is given for the next day I could not take it She writes the Shabnam test and thinks that it's good that she didn't watch TV If she would have watched TV, she would have missed two chapters and I am not able to prepare properly. So, what is the message of this story? What is the crux? See, if you work on your own, then you may take wrong decisions. Here, who did you take help from? Here, for example, you took help from your mother and father or the TV was switched off. So, in the same way, we can take wrong decisions on our own. And that's why we follow the Constitution. What does the Constitution do? It protects us from our own decisions. So, I had told you this in the context of that story. Did you understand? So, what have we done with all these things? I hope you have understood these 5 points Why does a country need a constitution? To protect ourselves, the majority, and the powerful authorities We have discussed all these points What are the aspirations of the citizens We can see that in our constitution So all these things make up the answer Why does a country need a constitution? So with this, our part completes Now what are we going to read in the next video? Now let us see the case with Indian constitution Indian constitution I will give you a basic introduction in the next video We will discuss about the key features of it Which is given in your chapter in your book You can download the notes of this chapter on our official website magnetbrains.com Class 4th to 12th, all the subjects, chapters and sub-topics are available in an arranged format which you can easily read, understand and download. Feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com See you in the next video. Thank you, thank you very much. Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. In this video, I am going to tell you about In this video we will learn about the key features of the Indian Constitution You will understand this In the previous video we have learned the answer to a question Why do a country need a constitution? Now we have understood why a country needs a constitution We have discussed different points Now according to your book, class 8th, civics chapter A, the Indian Constitution If we look at the next chapter, what is your next topic? What are the Indian Constitution's key features? So in this video we are going to understand what is the Indian Constitution, how it was made and what are its key features. Let's start. First understand this statement written on the top. What? Indian National Movement and the Imagination of Free India. Now what is Indian National Movement? Indian National Movement is referred to the time period when the Indian leaders were struggling for the independence. This represents the period of that time. The time period in which our nationalist leaders were struggling for the independence. For example, Ma'Am Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Boys were the leaders. All the leaders were fighting to liberate our country. It wasn't just fighting, they were struggling. That period was called the Indian National Movement of 200 years. In the Indian National Movement, what is there? Imagination of free India. Let me give you an example. Today you are reading. They were fighting and learning from it So what you do is you imagine your future Many different kids imagine their future Some think they can become a good sportsperson Some try to become a good scientist Everyone has different dreams Some want to become a doctor, some want to become a teacher All these things So you imagine something like that So when our Indian national leaders were fighting during the Indian national movement They were saying that we should free our country They have to get the country free. So they must have dreamed about how the country would be after the country is free. It's not like they will leave the country after getting it free. They must have thought that today we are Britishers so we are not able to do anything. When our country will be free, our country will be like this. Our country will be like that. So what do they do? They think. So they imagine. How a free India should look like? How should an independent India look like? They imagined it What points did they imagine? They must have imagined democracy They must have thought democracy is the most important thing which we have to bring to independent India, free India. Why? Because we suffered a lot under the authoritarian rule of colonial government. The way the Britishers were ruling over us, they didn't let us take decisions, we didn't have any participation in the decisions. So, because of this, the Nationalist leaders of the Indian National Movement, who imagined the image of a free India, they thought that they would bring democracy. Why would they bring democracy? Because the atrocities they had committed under the colonial government, What does authoritarian rule of colonial government mean? It means that colonial government was very authoritative It used to trouble Indians with rules and regulations So our leaders must be thinking that What they would have imagined is that Independent India, Free India should be like this Where there is democracy Equal participation in decision making People should get equal participation in decision making So they saw this dream Who saw this dream? Our nationalist leaders saw this dream Who saw this dream? That if the country is free tomorrow How will it be? This is what they dreamt Now if we talk about how we achieved this If we talk about achieving this, we achieved this This was not done by one person but a group of around 300 people So this dream of democracy and equal participation We achieved it, we have achieved it in our country It is a democratic country Everyone votes and chooses their leaders and decisions are made by them So this is how we achieved it. Now what we achieved is not that one person achieved it, that one person worked hard. Here people's hard work is seen. And here not one person's hard work, about 300 people worked hard. About 300 people worked hard. Who were these 300 people? So these were different leaders who came from different parts, who have made our constitution. They drafted a constitution. And when all these people came to make this, then their group was called Constituent Assembly. Constituent Assembly. Constituent assembly means the constitution assembly which is the one who made our constitution so what is a constituent assembly? Constituent Assembly is a group of people or group of leaders, if you say so, it will be more correct. Constituent Assembly is a group of leaders who drafted our Constitution or who created our Constitution, who debated over our Constitution. So, in the making of our Constitution, these people played a very important role, they played a very important role. Because of their contribution, our Constitution has been made and is ready today. So, this is Constituent Assembly. Now, you have to keep in mind that how we imagined, how we imagined the things we did in the Constitution. So, we did not consider them as one person. It was the hard work of 300 people. And the group of 300 people was called Constituent Assembly. Are the things clear so far? Now, let's move on to the next topic. We will also understand something about Constituent Assembly. What is Constituent Assembly? It is a body of leaders. It is a group of leaders that had a huge task of framing the constitution of the country. And it was such a group in front of which there was a very big, very important task. And the task was that of framing the constitution of the country. of framing the constitution of the country. Meaning, what they have to make for the country, they have to make a constitution for the country, they have to make a constitution for the country, according to which the whole country is going to run. This constitution was made in 1949, it has been 70 years since that constitution. This Constitution is running. So, in that sense, it is being explained how important the Constituent Assembly was. The Constituent Assembly made the Constitution in general. But do you know who drafted it? Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Keep this in mind. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chairperson of the drafting committee. He prepared a raw letter of the Constitution and then there was a debate and discussion on it. Keep in mind that the question comes in one marks. There is a photo also given in the side. Is it clear? So, this is done. Next, it is said that the Constituent Assembly is a body of leaders who had a huge task of framing the Constitution of the country. Now, Now we understand that he made the constitution. But today we are saying that he made the constitution. It was not that easy to make the constitution. Why wasn't it easy? I will explain the reason Because at that time there were many challenges What kind of challenges were there? Challenges were like while framing the constitution They had many challenges in front of them Example given diversity First challenge Our country is so diverse How diverse is our country that every 250 km language changes Okay Every 250 km language changes, culture changes There are so many different diverse groups What does diverse mean? It means very different Like we see the culture of Maharajas and the language of Rajasthan people will be different. So, there is so much diversity in our country. Now, to accommodate so much diversity in one constitution, to make such a constitution, such a masterpiece constitution, which every person of every group accepts, this is a big challenge in itself. Okay, you make a picnic trip in your class, you make a trip like this, on which all the children get ready. Why? Every child gives different opinions, right? So, in the meantime, people are not ready for the picnic, and here they have made such a... constitution which is being accepted by all the people all the sections all the diverse groups of the society are accepting that constitution despite the fact that it has been running from the 70 years last 70 years so the constitution which has been running for the last 70 years will be so good that the people who made it will be so good that and they accommodated all the diversity. So, this was the challenge in front of them that there is diversity, you have to accommodate that diversity and you have to make such a constitution. There was a partition at that time. A big challenge was that there was tension between Hindu and Muslims at that time. Okay. At that time, if you see the wounds of our country, the wounds were green, the wounds were fresh. We had suffered a partition. A part of our country had separated from us. In the meantime, to make such a constitution that there are no more problems in the country, that the Hindu Muslims can live comfortably. So, that was also a big challenge. Okay. There was diversity, there was a challenge of partition. Integration of princely states. Now if you look at the independence, you will know that there were many kings and queens. Singhs and queens means that different, British government was there, British government went away. Now apart from British government, kings were ruling in different parts of the country. So there was an option in front of those kings that they should either get together with Pakistan, get together with India or stay independent, make their own kingdom. So now to bring these kings together in India, It was a challenge to join the Indian states, like Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was given credit for this. He joined the princely states, the states of kings. These were some of the challenges we faced. Our socio-economic condition was bad, we had to go towards development. When the Britishers left, we had nothing. There was a lot of poverty in the country. So, we had to keep all these challenges in mind. A way to show how we should move forward in our country. We kept diversity and national unity together. So that diversity doesn't make it a part of the country. We kept that in mind and then made a constitution. In that constitution, concerns were shown for socio-economic development. That how our country will develop socially, socially, socially, economically, in terms of money and value. So concerns for socio-economic development were being... shown in the constitution So our constitution assembly has prepared such a visionary document So I have given you the basic crux of the Indian constitution In which situation and in which situation the constitution was created Who is credited to the constitution assembly The name of the chairperson of the drafting committee was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Now if we talk about the key features of this In our constitution, we have to read a lot of articles If you sit in a chair, you will study political science and other things. But if we talk about the key features of our country, then what are the key features of our constitution? There is federalism, parliamentary form of government, separation of power, fundamental rights and secularism. These are the five things we are going to discuss. So now we will discuss all the key features of the Indian Constitution in each part. What is federalism? What is parliamentary form of government? What is separation of power? What are fundamental rights? And what is secularism? I will explain everything in depth in different parts. This part is completed here. You can download the notes of this chapter on our official website magnetbrains.com. Class from 4th to 12th is available on magnetbrains.com. All subjects, chapters and sub-topics of all chapters are available in an arranged format. You can easily read and understand them and download them. Feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com. See you in the next video. Thank you. Thank you. Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. What are we going to study in this video? In this video, we will study about Federalism. In the previous video, we had studied about the key features of the Indian Constitution. We had discussed the key features of the Constitution. Now, I had told you all those features in detail, only the names. Now, what we are going to do is, we will understand each and every feature. So, if you pay attention to those features, which was the first feature? Federalism. Federalism is the first feature of the Constitution. What is federalism? I am going to explain all those things in this video. You will understand federalism completely. Let's start. See what is federalism? Existence of more than one level of government in the country. Or you can say existence of two or more than two. So when there are more than one or two levels of government. For example, if the whole country is pink in colour. And if the whole country is pink in colour, then which government is there in the whole country? The government in our country is called the Central Government or Union Government. So, does our country have only one level of government? No. For the whole country, it is the Central Government. But the state, whichever state you are living in, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, wherever you are living, there is a government in your state as well. There are chief ministers, members of legislative assemblies. So, in that way, like there is a state in the country, there is another level of government at the state level. So, which level of government? State Government So what happens in this way? Central Government State Government And if we come down then Local Government Have you heard that Panchayati Raj was also studied in 6th class? Panchayati Raj So that is Local Government So in this way, you understood our 3 levels of government Which are Central Level State Level and Local Government Or let's say Panchayati Raj Institution So this is Federalism So this is shared in different levels of government How do we share power? Who decides the entire country? Central Government? If we talk about state, then state government and if we talk about small villages, then local government So when you dilute power, divide it, then it is called Federalism It's a simple thing Now why is it needed? So if you look at a vast number of communities, then how many people are there in our country? How many communities are there? Now when we have so many communities, so many diverse groups, then what happens when we have diverse groups and communities? Then how can a single person or level of government can govern the communities? So if you have so many diversity, then how can you manage and govern the diversity from one level to another? Yes, the first thing is that difference. Or you can say that what happens here, we have to see things very carefully. I will give an example. Now imagine in your school, does the principal manage the whole school? No, what the principal has done is, the principal has made a separate head for the higher secondary section. Then if we see the upper primary, then a separate head is made for the upper primary. Then if we talk about the primary, then a separate teacher is made for kindergarten. So by dividing power, administration becomes better. And the same thing happens here. In federalism, you divide power so that we can govern the communities in different groups better. So that the administration can run properly on them. Therefore, it is important to have another level of government. One cannot run, one cannot handle. So we need multiple. And where will we find that multiple level of government? In federalism. Okay, let's see further. If we look at this, then this is federalism. Central government, state government, local self government. In this way, power is diverted from top to bottom. If we talk about federalism in India, then how is federalism in India? State enjoys autonomy in exercising power. Means states have a lot of power They have different interests and they do things according to their own State government So we have given power to the state government Here we have given power to the state government So we have given power to the state government from the central government and at the same time they follow the laws of central government. But it is not like that we gave so much power to the state government that they will say that we don't want to listen to the central government. Or separate us from the country, we will make our own country. So we have kept this thing in mind that if it is not possible that if we give more power to the states, they will demand a separate country. So we gave power to the central government and also gave power to the state government. They are also having the autonomy to exercise power, state government. But at the same time they are required to follow the laws of central government. Means the laws made by central government, state government will have to accept those laws. So in this way we have made a federal structure in which central is kept more powerful and state is kept on subordinating character. Okay, this is done. Then if we see further, our constitution, about which we have discussed so many things in previous videos. So constitution contains lists that specify the law making power of the state. Number of each tier means in our constitution, it is specified that the law making power is of which tier, I will tell you what is tier, you don't have to understand the tyre of the car. Tier means like this one tier, second tier, third tier. So the level of government is called tier. So in our constitution, it is specified that who will make law on what. Means, what is the meaning of central government? state government, local self government, or local government, panchayati government, they will make laws on what issues and what topics. So, we have specified it like this. Do you know what is the benefit of this? The benefit is that these people do not fight with each other that we have to make laws on this and that. So, this becomes easy. Now, how do we do this? So, let's do this. For example, if we see, Union list, State list, Concurrent list. These are three lists. In Constitution, these three lists are given. In these three lists, subjects are given. For example, in Union List, if you have a relationship with foreign countries, then who will make the law on that? Central Government will make the law on that. So, it is put in Union List. What is put in State List? They put in State List, internal trade. So, who will make the law on trade? Who will make the law on police? So, it is put in State List. then it will be known that the state government will make laws on the subject of the state list. Similarly, the concurrent list comes. So if there is education, then what the education court has done is put it in the concurrent list that both can be made. Okay, state government and central government also. Now you will think that if both are made, then there will be a fight between both. If there is a fight, then it is the same thing. At the same time, they follow the laws of central government. If there is a fight, there is a conflict that whose words are to be listened to, then what is said about the central government is accepted. Okay, so what is done in this way? Our constitution is a list. list, state list, concurrent list and according to these lists, the law making powers of each tier are specified. Which means which tier has what power, which subjects and issues it has the power to make laws. Okay, this is done. It also specifies the source of money for each tier of government. See, now without money nothing will happen if central government also has to work, state government also has to work or local government also has to work. Everyone will have money requirement. So from where will money come? Who has where? from where the money will come, that too was also told in the constitution. That's why it is said that the constitution is a visionary document. We read in the previous slide, why was it called a visionary document? Because through this we can tell that from where and how much money will be received. Like GST, so state GST is Central GST. Central government knows from where we have to get money. State government knows from where we have to get money. And in the same way, there is no fight between them about money and about making laws. Because everything is specified in the constitution. Thank you. Under federalism, the states are not merely agent of federal government but draws their authority from the constitution as well. Now, this is an important thing that federalism should never be understood as a state government like you see here that state government will always be under central government or is their agent. No, state government is seen as being below central government but it is not their agent. State government also has power and they draws their authority from the constitution as well. and where do they get their power and authority from? It is specified in the constitution that if state and central government exist then who has the power to raise funds and also the state government is not under anyone. and who gave that power? Constitution gave it. So, if you see in this way, we have understood Federalism completely. What we have read in Federalism? The first and most important thing is that Federalism is a system of having more than one level of government. More than one level of government. So, this is called Federal structure. Why it is needed and related to it. What are the different lists to make laws. I have told you all these things. I hope you have understood all these things. Now, in the next video, we will read other features. Like in the key features, we have completed Federalism. Now, we are going to discuss Parliamentary form of Government. Is it clear? You can go to our official website magnetbrains.com and read the notes of this chapter. Thank you very much. Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. In this video, we will study Parliamentary Form of Government. In the last video, we discussed about the importance of government. In the last video, we have completed federalism. I have explained to you what federalism is. So, we have completed one key feature. Here is the second key feature, parliamentary form of government. Understand this. What do you understand by heading? What do you understand by heading? If you look at the heading, you are getting two things. What are you getting? Parliamentary and government. So, if we make an answer from this, then parliamentary form of government is such a government. It is a form of government. Government based on Parliament. Just like Parliament is operating. In your country, what you do is you choose the leaders and those leaders go and sit in Parliament and then make laws for you. So this is how the country is running. So this is Parliamentary form of Government. So now we understood Parliamentary form of Government. Now how does this Parliamentary form of Government work? So how do you have to write it in the answer? Here your elected representatives go. What does elected representatives mean? What does elected representatives mean? The people you have chosen, the people who are representing you, are your elected representatives. For example, if you are voting in your city, then the people you have elected are your elected representatives. So, elected representatives go to the parliament and run the country. Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage. Now, who will choose the elected representatives? This is also a question. Who will choose them? People from our country will choose them. We will choose them. Now, you must be thinking that we are the ones who choose them. They don't give us voting rights. Like, if you are in the 8th class, you must be thinking why don't they give us voting rights? And they say that elected representatives run the country. We don't have any role to run the country. You will get angry like this. So, I will give you an explanation for that. Universal adult franchisee means that everyone has voting rights. Everyone has voting rights. irrespective of the educational level, who is educated, who has money, who belongs to which caste, who belongs to which gender, it doesn't matter. Everyone is given voting rights at an age. So what is that age? Like in our country, there are 18, so every person over 18 years of age is given voting rights. Now every person over 18 years of age what does he do? He gives his voting right to all. Everyone votes, after voting, who do they choose? Who is elected representative? So, this is the parliamentary form of government. It operates on this basis. Now, what happens in this? When everyone gets voting rights, then people of India directly elect their representatives. And where do these elected representatives go? They go to the parliament. What do they do in the parliament? They run the country. How do they run the country? It is not like there is a car that is controlling the steering, whether the country is running or not. To run the country there means they make laws by sitting there. They discuss the issues. and discuss the issues in the country. So this is how the country works. So this is the parliamentary form of government and I have also told you how it works. It is clear whereby people of India directly elect their representatives. At the same time they can contest an election also. Along with this, you have an advantage in the parliamentary form of government that you can be a voter and a leader. So just have a look. You have to contest in elections. If you get votes, you will win and you will represent your country and your community in the parliament. So in this sense, the parliamentary form of government has the advantage. If there was monarchy, you would not have had the opportunity to become a leader. Why? Because in monarchy, if you are the son of a king, you will get the opportunity to become a leader. But in democracy, where there is a parliamentary form of government, you have this advantage. You can elect your leaders and become a leader yourself. At the same time, they can contest in elections also. They means who? People. The person who is voting can also contest in elections like a leader. There is some age difference. For example, you get a chance at 25 years and here you start voting at 18 years. So there is a difference. But you have to keep in mind that anyone can contest in elections. There is no stop and stop. If you keep on studying in big classes, you will understand a lot of provisions there. There are a lot of things in it that should not be proved in criminal activities. But in general, if you tell you, then every person can fight elections and every person will vote. What are its fundamental rights? Basic rights are there. This is done till here. Then if we come ahead, then see what is written in it. Under parliamentary form of government, people elect their representatives. These representatives are accountable to the people. This word is very important. What is accountable to the people? Let me explain this. You have chosen a leader. You have voted and you have chosen a leader. Now you have chosen a leader. Now if that leader is not working properly, if in the country, let's say, something is not good, if the prices are increasing, poverty is not decreasing, there are various problems and diseases in the country, there are many railways accidents in the country, whatever is happening, there is a problem. So, who will you ask for an answer? You ask for an answer from the government. Like when the price of onions increases, People come down the road and start shouting slogans against the government. People start cursing the government. So why are people going to the government? The government is not being abused. But why do we protest in front of the government? Because we have elected our leaders. After electing them, we have taken them to that position. And if something goes wrong, who will we ask for an answer? We have given them the power to do things. So what have we done in our parliamentary form of government? We have elected our leaders. So we consider those representatives accountable for us. That they give us the answer to everything. That if it is not right, if the economy is doing bad, then why is it doing it? Do you understand accountable to the people? That if anything goes wrong or whatever the representatives are doing, they will answer for it. You must have heard that in your school they ask who will be responsible for this, who will answer for this. So here our representatives are accountable to the people. They have to do everything in front of the people. They have to give a clear statement in front of the public. So this is the parliamentary form of government. What should you understand about the basic crux of parliamentary form of government? It is a form of government where we choose our representatives and deliver them. The elected representatives. Universal adult suffrage. It means everyone has voting rights. The one who can vote can contest in the elections in the parliamentary form of government. And in parliamentary form of government the representatives are accountable to the people. So this is the basic crux of government. We have discussed all these things in the parliamentary form of government. You can download the notes of this chapter on our official website magnetbrains.com very easily. Class 4 to 12 subjects, chapters and sub-topics of all chapters are available in an arranged format on magnetbrains.com. You can read and understand them very easily and download them. Feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com. See you in the next video with a new key feature. We have read two key features, fatalism and and parliamentary form of government. Now we will discuss the next key feature. Thank you, thank you very much. Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. What are we going to study in this video? In this video we will study separation of powers. In the previous videos, we have discussed the two key features. Now this is the third key feature. We have studied federalism. We have studied parliamentary form of government. Now the third feature is separation of powers. What is separation of powers? What is separation of powers? We talk about this with headings. Okay, this thing means that you are beyond the constitution, country, and all these things. Now we bring this word between you and me. What do you understand by separation of power between you and me? Means we have divided the power. That you will do this, I will do this. Like if your family has your younger brother, sister, elder brother, sister in your house. So what do you do? You divide your work. How do you divide? That elder brother will do this work, younger brother will do this work. You brother is given the most difficult work, the work of extra hard work. I mean, the one that takes more time. And because elder brothers are clever, they take easy work. So, in that sense, when we talk about separation, like separation of work, separation of power, means you are dividing things, separating things. So, if we relate this topic to the constitution, then what does separation of power mean? What do we understand by it? Dividing or sharing of powers. You are either dividing powers or you are sharing powers. Now the question arises, why are you doing it, how are you doing it and where are you doing it? Means where is the power being shared? How to share power? And why do we have to share power? Won't it work without sharing? So, you will have such questions in your mind. Now, we will find the answers to these questions. How will we find the answers to these questions? Look, if we talk about legislature, then there are three organs in our country. There are three organs of government. Which are the three organs of government? Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Now, if you go to the question, where will we do separation of power? Okay, let's start from the back. So where will we do it? So the three different organs of government Which are the three organs of government? You have to keep these three in mind because the question is asked Legislature, Executive and Judiciary These are the three organs of government We share power between them First I will explain you legislature, executive and judiciary What does legislature mean? The one who legislates the laws What does legislate the laws mean? If you have been paying attention, we had read in the previous video What should be done? In the previous video we discussed parliamentary form of government In the case of the government, we had a parliament in which elected representatives were elected by us and they made laws for us. So, all those elected representatives who we call members of parliament or members of legislative assembly in the state, they make laws for us and the laws they make are called the part of legislature. So, who are the legislature? Legislature are elected representatives who frame laws for us. Like, member of parliament or member of legislative assembly. So this is part of the legislature. Now what is legislature? Now if we come to the executive. See they have made a law. Like if you see the parliament has made a law. What law? The parliament has made a law that the motor vehicle act means if someone wants to cut a chalan of this much without a license he drives a car without a helmet. So they have made a law. Now who will enforce that law? The question is that the one who implements that law who executes that law. See. Executive means the one who executes The one who implements the laws So the group of people responsible for implementing laws The ones who implement the laws We will call them executive Understood? So these are the executives The one who executes the laws They are called executive So the group of people responsible for implementing or executing laws Like the police What is police? An example Now don't think who is this sir What we are doing is For example, we have put a police photo here. So, what does the police do? They implement the laws that are still being made. What is a prime minister? Prime minister is also an executive part. Why? Because they also implement the laws. Prime minister, chief minister, police, council of ministers, IS officer, IPS officer, all these people are executives. Who implement the laws. Now, if we read the third organ, then the third organ is our judiciary. You must have understood the judiciary. The whole system of judges, lawyers, supreme court, high court comes under judiciary. So system of court in the country, example given supreme court and high court, lawyers, all these people. So this is judiciary. So we have made three organs. Now what we have done in between these three organs is that we have separated power. So that is separation of power. So now you understand where you have separated power. Separated between the three organs of the government yet in organs of the government but I mean Power is shared among these three organs up so I'll be out of like you power share Karna I keep thinking you can are not case a car okay? So case a carrying a vote on but at all can make a character can check some balance system develop car I'm home you put a red echo so But you have to power share car take you in the power shared in order to prevent the misuse of power So when not in order to prevent the misuse of power by any one organ of the government any one organ of the government constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different power see what happens in class we have seen boys monitor and girls monitor why is it done mostly because if boys monitor then they use girls name as false if girls monitor then they use boys name as false so they are misusing power similarly teachers do a work of constitution separate the power. How do they separate power? They separate power in such a way that Boys have a separate monitor and girls have a separate monitor A balance of power will be made between the two Keeping in mind the same thing That any one organ If the executive is given full power Or the legislature or the judiciary, they can misuse their power. So, no one organ should misuse power. For this, we divide power. How do we divide power? Power is divided according to the constitution. Legislature will make laws and executive will enforce them And if both legislature and executive are doing something wrong Then judiciary can check them Like we see Supreme Court many times It gives punishment to government officers It forbids government officers that you can't do this So in that way we have divided power So that it becomes a balance of power Okay So that power is not misused by any organ That's why Constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different power Every organ should different powers to exercise this power is given this develops a system of checks and balances what is balance? like who will check on executive judiciary who will check on judiciary legislature so all are entangled with each other so due to that checks system developed that all are checking each other and due to that balances situation develops so these checks and balances are developing so checks and balances are developing system develops through separation of power and balance of power also. Power is not with one person, it is balanced between all. So, balance of power and checks and balances is developed through the separation of power. Separation of power is when you distribute power between different organs. Which organs should we recall? Legislature, executive, judiciary. So, checks and balances are developed through this and balance of power is developed. So, we have read all these things in separation of powers. Now, let us look at the other side. Now you have to keep in mind one important thing Point to learn The confusion between the state and government If you see, sometimes I call it Indian state If you see, sometimes we use the word government So what is the difference between state and government? State does not mean that Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan These are different states We use state for the country How do we use it for the country? We call it Indian state So what is the difference between state and government? who is the prime minister of Indian state Prime minister of Indian state means the whole country is being talked about nation state is being talked about state is a sovereign entity sovereign means you may get the question in one marks sovereign means every country should be sovereign like India is India should be free to take its internal as well as external decisions means if India wants to take any decision then it is not like we will ask America Imagine the example of your home, what vegetable you want to cook today It's not like the auntie next door will come and tell you to cook this vegetable today Your parents themselves take decisions in your home What vegetable they want to cook today, what they want to order from Zomato So in the same way, here a nation is a sovereign state What does sovereign state mean? It's an area, a geographical area which is made into a political unit Which has its own system of governance Whose decisions it takes itself So it's a state State is used for the country. Government is a non-permanent entity. Like, if we see that today BJP is the government. Government means political parties come into power and run the country. So, running the country. This is the country and it is going to run the country. It is a car and a driver. Do you understand both? Government is a driver and state is a car. Here is the country and here is the one who is going to run the country. Understood? So, we will not use state and government as synonyms. It should be specific. and if we use Indian state in future, then Indian state means the whole country's political sovereign entity. So this was the important thing, keep this in mind. So this was separation of power. We have discussed three key features, federalism, parliamentary form of government and separation of power. Now we will study about fundamental rights. So in the next video we will study about fundamental rights. For notes on this chapter, you can visit our official website, magazine. magnetbrains.com and download it easily class 4th to 12th all subjects, chapters and sub-topics are available in an arranged format which you can easily read understand and download feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com see you in the next video thank you thank you very much hello everybody this is digraj singh rajput welcome to magnetbrains in this video what are we going to study we will study about fundamental rights In the previous video, we had read that In the last video, we have understood three key features What were they? We understood Federalism We understood Parliamentary form of government And we understood separation of power Now what will we study? We will study Fundamental Rights This is going to be our fourth key feature of our Indian Constitution. What do you understand by listening to Fundamental Rights? We are listening to it since 6th class. Sometimes we would even betray our family by saying that we cannot stop them from going out to play. fundamental right is. Right to move freely. So what are fundamental rights? Fundamental rights are very simple things. They are the basic rights of human beings. The fundamental rights that are most important for human beings to live are fundamental rights. Now why are these fundamental rights included in our constitution? What are they? What are the rights of our fundamental rights? I am going to tell you all these things in this video. Let's start with the fundamental rights. Fundamental rights are referred as the consign. Conscience of the Indian Constitution This word Conscience Use your Conscience to understand this Understood? Conscience means intelligence Which is the sound of the inside Conscience is that So here it is said That the fundamental rights Are the complete intelligence of our constitution They are the sound of our constitution They are the knowledge of our constitution They are the knowledge of our constitution Who? Conscience No, not the Conscience, the fundamental rights fundamental rights are very important and basic and core of constitution what is the reason behind adding fundamental rights in our Indian constitution learning from the past experiences of colonial rule we have seen that during colonial rule people suffered a lot The British were exploited by the British officers. They were deprived of freedom of expression and freedom to choose their occupation. They were taxed. So, they were exploited in every way. When people were exploited, the Constitution makers understood that they wanted to enjoy their freedom. ensure us set of written rights that would guard against the misuse of state ticket the misuse of state here but cannot a chariot key job home colonized the job a rapper Britishers rule correct a was something unkaru ta but love a straight come government Britishers key or the Amara state thought of our country thought that was being ruled by foreign power casac danger colonial officers the Britishers the world will correct Amari country pay up the bomb are a country pay rule correct a Tom may experience gain kaki Joe state with a Bye. The state can also misuse its power. Don't get confused, I have already told you about the state in the previous video. We use the state for the country. So, the rulers of the country or the people who have power, the people who have authority, they can misuse their power. When did we learn this? When we had the colonial rule, we suffered a lot during that time. Then we understood that there should be a set of written rights, there should be some rules and regulations. Why should you have these rules and regulations? So that if the government goes against you, if the entire country goes against you, then you can still be protected. So that's why we have put some fundamental rights in our constitution which tell us that if anyone goes against us, whether it is the government, a part of the government or the entire country, if anyone misuses their power and... and threaten them, then they will protect their fundamental rights. Therefore, fundamental rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by state as well as other individuals. Arbitrary means one-sided. If someone is doing atrocities against you, someone is very powerful and is doing atrocities against you, then it is an arbitrary and absolute exercise of power. Even if the government, any institution or individual is doing it, So, you will get protection from your fundamental rights. Therefore, we have said that fundamental rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by state as well as other individuals. It may be that your neighbour is doing the same. So, even then you will get protection from fundamental rights. So these are the things about fundamental rights, where we gained experience and thought of bringing them into our constitution. Fundamental rights guarantees the rights of minority against the majority. In every country, there is a majority and a minority. On the basis of religion, caste, there is a majority and a minority. There is always a conflict between the majority and the minority. The majority, right? Majority always tries to bring themselves above and dominate Because they have more number of people in majority Like we saw in the previous class that if boys have majority They don't let girls to go in class So in the same way majority tries to suppress the minority So in that case what we need is Something that is based on majority So the majority is suppressed Fundamental rights are the ones that stop the majority from doing so. Why? Because minorities and the majority have fundamental rights. So, it is not possible that the majority can exploit the minority. Why? Because minorities have been given protection in the name of fundamental rights. So, minorities can live without any worries. So, if we see another important function or feature of fundamental rights, fundamental rights guarantees the right of minority against the majority. Minorities will also get rights, no matter who is the majority. These fundamental rights ensure and guarantee. Now if we talk about the fundamental rights. See the blue box in your book, it has given you all these six fundamental rights. Now we understand these six fundamental rights. Let's understand one by one I will tell you all the things Which is the fundamental right What is the meaning of that fundamental right And all these things So in this way we will understand the six fundamental rights quickly See You have to read it, I will explain it to you and then I will definitely read the book once So that you can clear all the concepts properly And if you have any doubts, then ask it in the comment section Right to equality What does right to equality mean? Right to equality means the right to equality In the sense of the right to equality That every person should have public jobs What does public jobs mean? Public employment like government jobs Public job after public job If we look at public employment after public employment Then education in government schools So what should happen in every sense? untouchability now essence may equality on a chai a every individual should be treated equally what I write to equality I grab a person to cook tomorrow constitutional article 13 14 15 you see cheese ke barren may deal curtin the game though I make a big name a broad heading a group may be nice a right to equality make a talk is some on the car the car can sign for equally treat kiaja in terms of employment education health public places for sub-corp Robert not only the car jive kisi ko be untouchability is effective at the kisi kisar disc So, we see all these things in the right to equality. And this is our fundamental right. Did you understand? Second fundamental right. Right to freedom. What is right to freedom? Right to freedom, you will understand it with words. Freedom means what? Freedom. What should freedom be? That you can express what you think. You can express wherever you want to go. You can carry out the occupation that you want to carry out. Did you understand? So, all those things come in it. Freedom is every part of freedom. Freedom is everything. But you have to understand that right to freedom should not be exercised in an arbitrary way. You should not enjoy freedom on one side. Like you are saying that I have the right to freedom, I will stand on my terrace at 2 in the night and I will be singing loudly in the loudspeaker. So what are you doing? You are practicing your freedom, but what are you doing with others'freedom? Others have this freedom, they have the right to freedom to sleep properly, peacefully. Now what are you doing? If you will sing loudly at 2 in the night, then what about their freedom? What about their freedom? So while exercising the right to freedom, you have to consider others'freedom as well. This is an important thing in the right to freedom. No doubt, this is your fundamental right. You have the full right to enjoy your freedom. But you should consider the freedom of other individuals also. You are required to take the freedom of other individuals into consideration. You have to think about them as well. You understood the example, right? So this is the right to freedom. So freedom is everything. to practice any profession, to go to any area, to listen to any kind of thoughts, to read, to write, to express your opinions, everything has freedom. Then comes right against exploitation. There are three things in this. What is right against exploitation? First of all, what does exploitation mean? That no one should do wrong to anyone, no one should rob someone. In what sense should not rob? So see, the first thing that comes is that human trafficking should be banned. Right against exploitation It bans human trafficking What does human trafficking mean? The purchase and sale of human beings Human trafficking is This question comes in one marks That what we do We buy humans And sell humans This is human trafficking So human trafficking Human trafficking has been wrongly described as right against exploitation and banned. So, the first one is human trafficking. Then, right against bonded labour. Bonded labour is when a slave worker, like I paid you and bought it once and said, or you are forced to work in a very low salary so that is a bondage labor you don't have to force someone to work you have to give the right payment to the person who is making you work condition then he will work. So all these things come right against exploitation. Human trafficking will be banned, human beings are not allowed to buy and sell, second, you cannot make anyone work like bonded labour and third, right against child labour. Child labour, you understand, as if I am getting work done from you, then it will be part of child labour. Means you cannot make children under 14 years of age work in hazardous factories. Hazardous factories means where crackers are made, crackers etc. are made. Or we can say that, we mostly see where, industries, for cleaning machines etc. in the form of labour, children are kept so all that should not happen, it comes under child labour so in right against exploitation, you have been focused on 3 things 1. Human trafficking is banned 2. Bonded labour, which is the slave labour, which is the forced labour, is banned and 3. Child labour is banned so this right against exploitation is done so this is also your fundamental right then if we come to the fundamental right right to freedom Freedom of Religion is an important fundamental right of yours. What does Right to Freedom of Religion mean? You have already got this right in the Constitution, but to explain it more specifically, we have put a separate article in the Constitution, Right to Freedom of Religion. What does Right to Freedom of Religion say? Right to Freedom of Religion says that every individual is having the right to practice, propagate, and profess any religion of his or her own choice. You are born in any religion. So, you have complete freedom to follow that religion, to spread that religion to people, to give teachings about that religion, to talk about that religion. According to your choice, you can follow any religion, you can change any religion, you can keep any religion. All this should be done with the will and wish of individuals. It should be done according to one's wish. No one should force anyone. If I force someone to change his religion, then that will be wrong. It will not go to the freedom of religion but if someone wants to change with desire then it will go to the right to freedom of religion So, what is the right to freedom of religion? The right to freedom of religion is that you have the freedom of religion and religion This is your fundamental right Okay Now, if we come to the 5 fundamental rights So, cultural and educational rights These are the important rights What are cultural and educational rights? We have just read about minorities and majorities in the previous slide But So, we saw that minorities have their own culture, educational system, and madhursaz in Islam. So, there should be freedom and fundamental right of minorities. Don't always connect culture with language, sorry, with religion. Religion also comes in culture, language also comes in culture. So, all these things make you a minority. So, to preserve that language, people have the right to do so. If someone has a culture, to preserve that culture, like in North Eastern states, tribes live there. Tribes have their own culture. So, they have the freedom to preserve and preserve their culture. So, this is cultural and educational rights. Next, these are cultural and educational rights. And to protect these cultural and educational rights, to protect minorities from professing their cultural and educational rights, This is fundamental right. So we have read 5 fundamental rights. Now the 6th one is the most important. Let me tell you why it is important. What happens is that all these rights which we have discussed if there is a violation of these rights suppose if someone has violated these rights then what will you do? So what happens in the violation condition? In the violation condition, you have got a right right to copyright. So you have to give a right to copyright. The person whose rights have been violated will go to court and get justice against him. So if you are getting justice against the person who is getting wrong, then this is also your fundamental right. Which right is it? This is 32. Right to constitutional remedies In our constitution, article 32 So that is our right to constitutional remedies And right to constitutional remedies means If your fundamental rights are being violated If any of your fundamental rights are being violated So you are having a fundamental right to seek the justice or remedy Means you get justice or remedy against it And this is also your fundamental right So we will discuss all these rights What are the rights in the Indian Constitution? I hope you have understood the rights to equality, rights to freedom, rights against exploitation, rights to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and rights to constitutional remedies. These are our fundamental rights. Is it clear? So I hope you understood why fundamental rights were needed What are the fundamental rights in Indian Constitution What is the meaning of fundamental rights And what rights did you get in fundamental rights So now we will sum up our topic Dr. V.R. Ambedkar I had told you about Dr. V.R. Ambedkar in the starting Who was he? Drafting committee Means those who had prepared a raw constitution Those who had prepared the points of the constitution That such constitution should be there So he was the chairperson of that committee Or also called the father of Indian Constitution But So Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's observation about the fundamental rights. He talks about two things about the fundamental rights. He told two-fold objectives. What objectives did he tell? Every citizen must be in a position to claim those rights. Okay. Now look. Let's go back once again. Every citizen must be in a position to claim those rights. Every citizen must be in a position to claim those rights. So how do we know that? Dr. B.R. Ambedkar tells this right is very important If your rights are violated, you claim it If they are not violated, then they say for that Fundamental rights should be made very strong And that's why constitutional remedy was put in fundamental right In short, they want to say that every citizen should have this power and position to claim their fundamental rights Secondly, these rights must be binding upon every authority that has got the power to make laws What does it mean? Tell me who is the strongest in the country? The strongest and most powerful in the country is the government The authorities because they have immense power They have the power to do everything So what happens in this sense is that The possibility is that the government will violate your rights. The government will encroach on your rights. The government will not give fundamental rights to the individuals. So here they have said that the fundamental rights must be binding upon every authority that has got the power to make laws. Meaning whoever is making laws, if they make such laws that people's fundamental rights are being violated, then nothing will remain, right? So they say that fundamental rights should be above everyone. Fundamental rights should be above the state. Government should be above the state. above all these will be fundamental rights so that individuals can be protected. Who is the most powerful? Government or state. So what you have to do there is to give more importance to fundamental rights. Fundamental rights should be binding upon every authority. Means fundamental rights should be applied on whatever law is being made. That too by binding upon the fundamental rights line. You have to keep this observation in mind. The questions are not that internal but we have read what Dr. Ambedkar's observation was. Indian Constitution also has a section called Directive Principles of State Policy. It is called DPSP. Fundamental rights are given to citizens to protect them. But we have to teach how the government should work. So this DPSP is important. Along with Fundamental Rights, there are also DPSPs in our Constitution DPSPs means Directive Principles of State Policy Means principles that direct the government That show the direction that you have to do this Means the state policy Means whatever policy has to be made in the country To guide those policies, there are some principles The principles to direct those policies The principles that will tell that if a policy has to be made, then how it should be made Those are DPSPs The work of DPSPs is The section is included to ensure greater social and economic reforms. See, the country is free, congratulations, happy independence, everything is done. Now, it's time to run the country. If you want to govern the state properly, you will need the government. The government is also here, elections are over. But how will the government work? But you have to tell this too. So this is what is said in DPSPs that how the government should work. Right, DPSPs ensure that greater social and economic reforms come. That is, the government should work on these things. Social and economic, What is economic? Economic means that our country should grow in terms of social and economic, in terms of society, our country should grow. State policies should be made like this. And you get the direction of such state policies through DPSPs, which are given in our constitution. So, what is the purpose of DPS peace? It ensures greater social and economic reforms in our country and to guide to the independent Indian state. State means the state of the country. The state of the country which is independent. How should the Indian state move forward? Who will guide? The Directive Principles of State Policy DPSPs will guide us Let me give you an example After Article 32, DPSPs are started DPSPs are written as Living Wages for Workers This is not binding on the government But it has given the direction to the government For what the government should work Living Wages for Workers so that workers get enough wages which is good enough for them to work well so now the government has realized that in our directive principles of state policy we have talked about living wages, this is article 43 so article 43 says that when we talk about living wages then we should make such policies according to that we should bring such laws which will provide minimum living wages to workers so in that sense we have talked about our independent independent How will the Indian state be governed? So we have learned all this in fundamental rights We have discussed all these things in this video I hope you have understood the fundamental rights And what were the needs of fundamental rights And some things related to it And an important question here will be made from the directive principles of state policy So that too was understood So with this our fundamental rights are completely completed Now our fifth key feature is secularism Which we are going to discuss in the next video You can download the notes of this chapter on our official website magnetbrains.com On magnetbrains.com, from class 4th to class 12th All the subjects, all the chapters and all the subtopics of all the chapters available in an arranged format which you can easily read, understand and download Feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com See you in the next video, Thank you, Thank you very much Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput, Welcome to Magnet Brains In this video we will learn about Secularism What is Secularism and what are the key features of our Constitution In the previous video we have completed 4 key features In the previous video we discussed fundamental rights Separation of power, Federalism, Parliamentary form of government So we have read all these key features, now what we have to do is Now we have to understand secularism, which is an important key feature of the Indian Constitution. I will explain everything according to your book. Secularism is a topic on which a book can be written. Now we have to read it from a different perspective. And along with that, you have a separate chapter. Chapter 2 is about secularism. We will read it too. Rest, you rest assured. Here we understand a broad outline. Let's read it. What is the meaning of secular? What do you mean by secular? Think about it. Secular means, if you search on Google, not connected with religious or spiritual matter, meaning, anything not connected with religion or religion, we call it secular. For example, if you say that the book of civics is a secular book, why? Because it is not a book of religion. And if we say that the book of Ramayana, Quran, or Bible, so what are those books? They are non-secular books. Why? Because they are books related to religion. So, the thing which is not related to religion, we call it secular. Now, if we talk about something, then what is secular state? Question mark. Now if we put a question mark on the secular state, then we understood that secular means that which is not connected to religion. State means the country. So when a state, we are talking about a country, which does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion, means where any religion is not promoted as a state religion, that state will be called secular. I repeat I take my words back So now I think you have got the definition of secular state A secular state is a state which does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion State religion means That you are a person of any religion You can't say that this is the religion in our country. All religions are in our country because secularism is in our country. The Hindi meaning of Secularism is Dharm Nirpekshta Dharm Nirpekshta means that you are not giving any religion any extra favour Nor are you denying any religion You are treating all religions equally That is Secularism It is a simple definition and concept And it has been explained to you in a simple language I hope you have understood it Have you understood Secularism? Now if we see if I tell you another meaning of Secularism No religion is given extra benefits In a secular country, in a secular state, you are not giving extra benefits to any religion. For example, if we say that Hindus are in the majority in India, then Hindus will get extra advantages and benefits. It is not like that. We are a secular country and we treat all religions equally. As you can see in our constitution, it is clearly specified that on the basis of religion, we will not give any extra benefits to any individual. Okay? We do not get extra benefits nor any religion is ignored on any matter. So this is what secularism is. You are not giving anyone an extra advantage or denying anyone anything. You are looking at everyone with equal eyes. You are treating everyone equally. So that is what secularism is. I have explained it to you in simple language. So this is what secularism is. So, with this, we have discussed the fifth key feature of the Constitution, Secularism. In Chapter 2, we will read it in a comprehensive manner. We will discuss the different principles of Secularism. So, you can be sure that you will also read Secularism. Now if we talk about the conclusion, the chapter ends here, if we talk about the conclusion, then everything we have read, why do a democratic country need a constitution, or we can say what are the key features of the Indian constitution, after reading all the things, you must have understood one thing, one point must have been understood, that the constitution of every country and the values in that constitution, that is derived from somewhere in history, that how we learned, like we put fundamental rights, because we knew how much injustice the Britishers have done, so if the state is also powerful, then it will not trouble the citizens. and fundamental rights for protection. So what we do is we learn everything from history. In our constitution, our history, our ideology, like we don't believe in one religion, we promote all religions, so we put secularism in our constitution. So the constitution of every country expresses its history, its ideology, its culture. And with time, if people's thinking is changing, then the constitution also changes. Like we saw in the story of Nepal, that people were tired of monarchy, democracy came. Constitution changed. By the way, you see that people in India also change the constitution. The legislature wing that we had read, the legislature was read in the organs of government. So what do they do? They also amend the constitution. It also means to amend the constitution. To bring amendments means to bring amendments to the constitution, amendments to the constitution, to change. So there are changes in the constitution over time. So this thing tells that the constitution is a living document. Means it is a living document that changes over time. changes in it, your ideology, culture, history, everything reflects in it. So, in this sense, we have studied about Indian Constitution. I hope your first chapter was clear to you, what is Indian Constitution, what are its basic ideas, what are its basic crux. Now, see, the chapter is completed on the theory part. But, there are still questions and answers left. So, in the next video, I will tell you, you will surely see this, in the next video, we will tell you important questions, how can questions be asked from this chapter? What questions can be asked? Till the next chapter. next video discuss carrying a chapter notes of our official website magnet brains dot-com perjaker both as an easy download concept a magnet means dot-com per class fourth say class still the sub subjects of each afters or sub heat afters case of topics a arranged format may available here in a boat as an easy part of the summer sector on load curse a feel free to visit our official website magnet brains dot-com the next video may thank you thank you very much Hello everybody, this is Digraj Singh Rajput. Welcome to Magnet Brains. What are we going to study in this video? In this video, we will discuss some frequently asked questions. From which chapter? Look, what have we studied till the last video? Till the last video, we have studied our chapter. The chapter was The Indian Constitution. We have completed this chapter on the theory part. Now I have read it. You have read the whole chapter. Now the question is how much you understood what I have read. So I am going to ask you some questions. You don't have to be scared. What you have to do is recall the answers of the questions. Recall in your mind that we have read this chapter, we have read these topics. If you have watched the entire theory part, if you have watched those videos, then you should get the answer. Okay? And those who have come directly to this video, then first understand the entire chapter, then watch this video. So that you understand the chapter and then you will get the question answers. Now if you will answer the question without understanding the chapter, then it will be the same thing that you have studied. So, You don't have money and you got a paper. So, don't do that. Now, what is it? What questions can be asked? So, these are some of the basic set of questions. It means that the basic set of questions is that such questions can come. It is not necessary that the question which I have written on the board, if it is written like this, how will it come? The question can rotate. We will change the word of the question, we will twist the question. Rest, the concept will remain the same. The answer which we have discussed, the points which will be made, I will tell you that. Now, if we see this chapter from this chapter, then the first topic on which the question can be asked, what is it? need of the constitution. Now this question can be asked in different words. Why do a country need a constitution? Why does a democratic country need a constitution? What is the need for the constitution? In different words, the content has to be the same. Which 5 points we discussed in different ways. That the constitution checks on the authority of the person who are in power. The people who are in power, they check on their authority. It protects the minority from the majority's operation. It protects the people from the Now we will go to the next question, what is the need of constitution? So, we can ask a specific question, how does the constitution protects minorities from majority? So, you have to write that question, because we have discussed it. And if you ask in general, what is the need of constitution? So, you will write the answer. So, the question can be in both the senses, in the sub-topic and in the broad topic. Need of constitution, why do a democratic country need a constitution? Anyway, you should be the answer, because we have discussed it. we have discussed. Then let's come to the key features of Indian Constitution. If we ask in one marks, then all these key features which we discussed five, what is federalism, parliamentary form of government, separation of power, fundamental rights and secularism. So these are our key features, we discussed these, write these if it comes in one mark. If this thing comes in five marks, then write down the five features and explain it. So what are the key features of Indian Constitution? What is Constituent Assembly? We discussed it. It can be a question of Constituent Assembly. It is an internal question of the Constituent Assembly Okay What do you understand by Constituent Assembly? What was the work done by Constituent Assembly? Okay, I will give you your homework now In the comment section, you will tell what was the work done by Constituent Assembly You have to tell this in the comment section Okay, then if we talk about it To explain specific terms There can be a question on specific terms In any sense Like Federalism, explain Federalism Okay, so we can ask the explanation of Federalism What do you understand by a Federal country? What is the requirement of Federalism? So, in that sense, whatever question arises on federalism, we have discussed everything from every dimension. The federalism one has made a separate video on this. So, you can write the answer from there. Then comes parliamentary form of government. If a question is asked on this, then you know what is parliamentary form of government. Elected representatives govern the country, go to parliament, etc. So, parliamentary form of government should be formed here. Now comes separation of powers. So, if a question is asked on separation of powers, then separation of powers is of power is defined as separation of power. So, you have to write when the power is being divided between the three organs of the government. Which three organs are there? Executive, legislature and judiciary. So, executive, legislature and judiciary can be asked specifically. What do you understand by executive? What do you understand by legislature? What do you understand by judiciary? So, these questions can be asked. In general, this question can be asked. Explain the separation of power. What do you understand by separation of power? Question, kaise vi We have read everything. See, it happens that when your preparation is very good, then how tough the paper may be, children will find it tough, but you will find it easy. Why? Because you had prepared. And if you have not prepared, even if the paper is very easy, then you will find it tough. So, this is the funda here, that if you know everything, then no matter how the question comes, what you have to do is just understand the question. You have to understand the question, and what will happen to you? The answer will be made. So, the teacher will tell you, Now let's come to the question of fundamental rights. Now the question is on the separation of powers. What are the various fundamental rights given in Indian Constitution? So now you know the six fundamental rights that we have discussed. Fundamental rights can also be asked specifically. Explain the right to equality. So the six fundamental rights that we have discussed can also be asked. In general, what are the various fundamental rights given in our constitution so all 6 can be written together in 5 marks so did you understand? question can be in broad heading as well as in sub topics whatever you understand means the question you understand that what is the question you want to ask means according to the need of the question you are required to answer you have to understand the need of the question that what is the question you want to ask and then you have to write the answer accordingly clear? then there will be a question on secularism as well what is secularism? so what is secularism? I Dharam Nirpekshta What we are doing there is, whether state is neither promoting nor denying any religion any one religion of the country So that is secularism We are going to read the next chapter on that Secularism is a different chapter So what we are going to discuss in the next chapter Then comes Directive Principles of State Policy. These are some other things that will be asked from you. So, Directive Principles of State Policy can be asked. Sovereign can be asked. I told you about sovereign, pay attention. In the heading of your new words, sovereign can be asked. Sovereigns, human trafficking is also there. So, these can be asked in 1 marks or 3 marks. Illegal trade of human beings for immoral purpose. That is human trafficking. What is immoral purpose? Like children are bought and sold from one place to another. Their body organs are taken out. Women are bought and sold for prostitution. So, all that is human trafficking. Sovereign means you are free. I will tell you the answer, what will you do then? You have to recall the answer, okay? When I gave the questions, you should recall So I hope now this question answer video which is the frequently asked question video After watching this, you have become clear which questions will be asked from you in this chapter Okay? and chapter is also summed up and revised so we have completed all these things is it clear? you can download the notes of this chapter on our official website magnetbrains.com magnetbrains.com, class 4th to 12th all the subjects, chapters and sub-topics are available in an arranged format which you can easily read, understand and download feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com now see this chapter is completed here it is time for celebration so what you can do is you can celebrate like this is it clear? chapter is completed if you have any doubts or queries then you can ask in comment section so we will meet with new chapter thank you, thank you very much