are you preparing for your hessie A2 entrance exam and you need a little bit of help with the reading section do you need to practice some Concepts like main subjects topic sentences evaluating sources and author's purpose well I'm here to help hi I'm Liz with smart Edition academy.com and in today's video we're going to go over a realistic A2 reading practice test together so to follow along with me please click the link in the description below for access to the free test together we'll look at each passage question and the answer choices and review why the correct answer is correct before we get started click the link in the description below for all our online resources like our study group for the hessie or our self-guided course which has interactive questions practice tests videos flashcards and many more resources for your hessie entrance exam so so let's start our practice test one reading comprehension for the hessie all right question one let's scroll down what is the most likely purpose of a popular science book describing recent advances in genetics let's look at our answer choices to decide well we don't really see anything about a decision we don't see a choice between two things or multiple things that's not mentioned here so I don't really like that answer to form so we see it's a science book there's recent advances in genetics so we have scientific information and facts about genetics so that's definitely some good information for us let's keep that one to persuade well it just says describing recent advances so it doesn't say convincing people that recent advances are good or bad we don't have any element of trying to push our opinion in one way or the other let's get rid of that one to entertain maybe this is not a terrible answer because we do say it's a popular science book so it's not a textbook but if we think about entertainment we're going to think often about storytelling humor we don't see really any evidence of that here so the better answer is to inform all right we have our first passage here so let's read that text wise wear gear provides you with Cutting Edge technology to enhance your performance and optimize your training wise wear product include sensors to track your heart rate activity level and calorie burn during workouts information is automatically uploaded to your phone and organized so you can track your improvement over time with just a tap of the screen concerned about Comfort we've got you covered wisewear clothing is made with high-tech synthetic compression Fabrics to promote circulation and Wick away sweat while you work out top level pro athletes like ultramarathon or Yuri Schmidt rely on wisare for training and competition shouldn't you do the same so the purpose of this passage is to we actually have the same options but let's go through one by one to decide so again decision would probably H give us multiple options or at least two options here we don't have you know Wise wear versus Adidas something like that we don't have options to decide so let's get rid of that one to inform well we do get information about their product but at the same time it's quite different from the last one where we had scientific facts this is not really you know information so much as advertising they're saying we've got you covered so we know it's written by the wise Weare people maybe the information is not reliable next one is persuade okay so it's written by these people it's really an advertising feel it feels like a commercial or a print ad and they say top level athletes rely on wise where shouldn't you do the same so they're addressing the person reading it and kind of pushing them pressuring them to to buy the product so so persuade is a good answer and entertain so again with entertain we would be looking for storytelling we would be looking for humor we don't see that here so let's go with persuade next one about the same passage wisar with which statement would the author of this passage most likely agree Americans who work out put too much emphasis on performance and not enough on enjoyment okay well we don't see anything about Americans specifically so we don't actually know who they're they're talking to or about um we see cuttingedge technology to enhance your performance so we probably wouldn't say they put too much emphasis on performance they mention performance as something people want second choice people who do not buy high-end exercise gear do not deserve to get a good workout and stay healthy well I don't see any evidence here I mean they are are promoting high-end exercise gear but they don't say that people who don't have it don't don't deserve to stay healthy they say an ultramarathon or uses it but they don't say anything about people who who don't buy it so let's stay away from that one I don't see any connection with the passage the best way to achieve a healthy body is to follow a simple exercise plan and avoid hyped up gadgets okay so would the people writing this agree with that probably not because they're trying to sell you a a gadget something very Hightech they say Cutting Edge technology sensors to track your heart rate uploaded to your phone so they're trying to sell you a gadget so they wouldn't agree that you don't need a gadget and the last one consumers want help pushing their bodies to the Limit and gathering information about their exercise performance so that seems like the best one so far let's always try to find some proof in the passage so with these you want to be able to point to the passage and say I saw this phrase I saw this sentence I saw this statistic and that's why I chose this answer that's why this answer is right so pushing their bodies to the Limit gathering information so we see Cutting Edge technology to enhance your performance optimize your training so push that training and that performance further and then we have information so information is automatically uploaded to your phone so gathering information that fits so that really fits with the passage let's go with that one K so on our same passage here which detail from the passage if true is factual wise wear transforms the user into a better and more informed athlete so we're talking about factual here we're talking about facts something we can prove something that's you can't argue with it's scientific it's a statistic we can prove it so here they're saying a better athlete more informed athlete especially more informed it's hard to measure that would be more my opinion about the person so anything that's descriptive we want to be careful and factual I don't like descriptive words wise wear gear is the most comfortable exercise clothing on the market so again we're really in in descriptive mode here because to me maybe my sweatshirt is the most comfortable and to someone else their fleece is the most comfortable so that's really subjective it's not a fact wise wear products contain sensors that track the user's body signals okay so this would be something we could prove we could just hold it up say here's the sensor okay so we can prove that that is factual let's just take a look at the last one just in case wise wear users are expected to improve at their sport over time so we can't really prove that because it's an expectation and it hasn't happened yet it's in the future so we can't prove that and say it's a fact so let's stick to the third one here all right with our wise Weare continued the author of The Passage includes details about wise wear's comfort and ease of use in order to appeal to the reader reason well you know the reason usually you would appeal to reason more with Statistics with scientific facts so that doesn't really fit with with this part about comfort and ease of use so let's get rid of that one trust do we see anything about trust um usually when we're talking about trust maybe You' see say our company has been here for 100 years or maybe this doctor said this was good for your health or this dentist said this space was great so we don't really see that here we see the ultra marathoner but that's that's kind of a different different thing so I wouldn't say trust feelings well this one we actually see something so we say wise where's Comfort they ask concerned about comfort so are you concerned are you worried about comfort and they say we've got you covered so they're kind trying to to reassure you oh will I feel comfortable in this yes you will don't worry about it so that's appealing to feelings so let's keep that one and knowledge again they they tell us about the product so we have products knowledge but no knowledge in terms of what exercise does for the heart or why people should exercise for many decades or any kind of broader knowledge it's not there so it's really better to say feelings because we see that concerned and we see they add reassuring us so feelings okay the author most likely includes the detail about a famous Ultram marathoner in order to make readers okay so we looked at this a little bit we saw at the last sentence top level pro athletes like ultramarathon or Yuri Schmidt rely on wisewear for training and competition shouldn't you do the same so let's take a look at the answers here understand that wisar gear is factually the best on the market okay again again always careful about factual a fact is something we can prove there's often a statistic or something scientific or something we can see touch prove ourselves so just someone using it well maybe it's a fact that he uses it if we can prove that but it's not a fact about about the the performance of the product so it's not factually the best let's get rid of that take a weak position when they attempt to argue against the point so to make readers take a weak position we don't really see the ad arguing with readers I mean that's a strange word it doesn't fit with with the passage we don't see readers arguing that wise wear is is bad so let's get rid of that one it doesn't seem relevant trust that scientists have really studied wise wear gear and proven it worthy well the detail about an Ultram marathoner and then the answer says a scientist so that person unless it's something they don't mention in which case is not in the passage anyway this person is a marathon or not a scientist that's not relevant next one feel an association between WI wear products and a person they admire okay so we do see top level Pro AET Ultram marathoner and these are people who like running so this could be a person they admire so let's let's go with that one a global temperature change of a few degrees is more significant than it may seem at first glance this is not merely a change in weather in any one location rather it is an average change in temperatures around the entire surface of the planet it takes a vast amount of heat energy to warm every part of our world including oceans air and land by even a tiny measurable amount moreover relatively small changes in the Earth's surface temperatures have historically caused enormous changes in climate in the last ice age 20,000 years ago when much of the northern hemisphere was buried under huge sheets of ice mean Global mean global temperatures were only about 5° c lower than they are now scientists predict a temperature rise of 2 to 6 degrees C by 2100 what if this causes similarly drastic changes to the world we call home which sentence is the topic sentence so a topic sentence to review is a sentence that expresses an idea so it's going to be an idea that the rest of the paragraph will try to prove or will give facts to support that idea so we want something that's General but kind of has an opinion to it so let's take a look what if this causes similarly drastic changes to the world we call home well already that's the that's the last sentence which generally in a good paragraph is not the topic sentence but just to be careful we're not really using this as a topic sentence because it's a question so it's kind of asking the reader to consider but it's not giving a statement or giving an opinion to support afterwards next one a global temperature change of a few degrees is more significant than it may seem at first glance okay so very good one so we see that this comes up well it's the first sentence so sometimes the first sentence is a topic sentence not always so do be careful but we see this small temperature change and the big significance the big effect throughout because we say oh the Ice Age it was only a small change but it had a big effect these huge sheets of ice so everything that comes after that is connected to it and supports it so that's a good candidate for topic sentence it takes a vast amount of heat energy to warm every part of our world including oceans air and land by even a tiny measurable amount so this is connected to the topic so we're talking about heat energy and temperature change but it's not General enough it's talking about the oceans and the air and the land and the scientific process of heating it up but the previous one is better because it's generally saying there's a small temperature change that has a big effect so that one's a better top IC sentence because it's more General next one in the last ice age 20,000 years ago when much of the northern hemisphere was buried under huge sheets of ice mean global temperatures were only about 5 degrees C lower than they are now so for a topic sentence it's rare to see these specific things 20,000 years ago 5° C so those will often be more supporting details than top IC sentences not 100% of the time but it's a good clue that these specific statistics numbers dates those are usually more in supporting detail so let's stick with our second answer that seemed like the best one in the paragraph above same paragraph Global temperature change is the topic well it it is the topic it is the subject it is the the idea that we're talking about all these different sentences connect back to so that that's a good option the main idea so the difference between the topic and the main idea so the main idea will also have more of an opinion or an assertion or a result or something you could debate against so here they're saying you know that the small temperature changes have a big effect so they're not just saying Global temperature change because that's not that's not a main idea it's not something we could argue for or against so that would be our topic the supporting detail so again as we saw supporting detail should have some more specific things and this is actually really really General Global temperature change it's more like a topic the topic sentence the topic sentence is a sentence that expresses that main idea that argument that thing we can say we're for or against we agree or disagree that Global temperature change has a big effect so that would be the the topic sentence which we've already found before it has it has more to it so let's go with topic really general just the subject we're talking about global temperature change which sentence summarizes the main idea of the paragraph Okay so the main idea we saw too is you know the the main argument of the paragraph or something that we could argue before or against and everything in the in the paragraph is connected to this a small change in weather at any one location is a serious problem so I actually remember something so let's go back and look so this is not merely a change in weather in any one location okay so it's not just about one location so let's get rid of that one we're talking about the whole earth not just one location the author is manipulating facts to make global warming sound scary manipulating facts I mean we see facts Ice Age was 20,000 years ago there was a difference of 5 degrees Celsius we don't see any evidence of them manipulating facts and we can't see that here unless they give us give us more more that's in front of us so we we don't see them manipulating people should be concerned by even minor Global temperature changes so yeah we do see that the the topic sentence that the global temperature change of a few degrees is more significant than than it may seem meaning it has a big impact big consequences and they're saying you know huge sheets of ice in the past because of temperature change and they're saying that enormous changes in climates have happened historically so that's something to to think about that a small small change has a big effect that's the idea we've been going going on about in these past few questions it takes an enormous amount of energy to warm the Earth even a little as we said before that's part of our scientific explanation of temperature change but it's not the main idea of the impact this change will have so let's stick with number three here and go on to the next one what function does the information about temperature differences in the last ice age play in the paragraph So that information let's go back and just check it again in the last ice age 20,000 years ago when much of the northern hemisphere was buried under huge sheets of ice mean global temperatures were only about 5 Dees cus lower than they were now so we always go back and check what they're referring to to see it in the context to see the full full information there so is it the topic well no we said the topic is very general global tempure change so that's not the last ice age 20,000 years ago no opinion this isn't an opinion this is historical or scientific fact so it's not their opinion oh the last ice age was terrible that's an opinion that's not this main idea so this is not the main idea as we said the small temperature change with big effect that's our main idea supporting detail what we see 20,000 years ago that's a that's a time that's a date we see 5 Dees Cel that's a statistic so those are some Clues not always 100% but those are some some clues that we might have a supporting detail it's very specific and that's what makes a supporting detail which sentence would best function as a supporting detail in this paragraph while supporting detail we talked about so what are we going to look for we're going to look for something specific that has a connection and it proves our idea that small temperature changes have big effects so electricity and heat production create one quarter of all car carbon emissions globally did we see anything about carbon emissions in here nothing at all so let's get rid of that because it's not connected and this is a good point because the test will try to trick you because in your head if you think about all the information you read in the world in the newspaper and here on TV you think oh carbon emissions and climate change they're connected to each other but really when we're in the test we need to be in this passage we need to be focused on the text in front of us and we need to react to what they give us so we kind of need to shut out the other information from newspaper or TV something like that so let's focus on that so this is not relevant to our text the world was only about one degree cooler during the little ice age from 1700 to 1850 so that's that's pretty good that's specific we have a degree we have dates which is just like another supporting detail we saw in the in the paragraph and it also proves our idea that a small temperature change has a big impact because it can can create a little ice age that's a big impact for one degree cooler next choice China has surpassed the United States as the single largest producer of carbon emissions surpassed gone beyond the US gone more than them but again carbon emissions that's not our subject here so let's get rid of it right away methane emissions are in some ways more concerning than carbon dioxide emissions well we don't see methane in the paragraph we're not talking about that we're not talking about these emissions so let's get rid of that and let's stick with the most relevant one actually the only only relevant one in this case which makes our life easy and let's go on so a new sentence here read the sentence below and answer the following question numerous robotic missions to Mars have revealed tantalizing evidence of a planet that may once have been capable of supporting life imagine the sentence is a supporting detail in a well-developed paragraph which of the following sentences would best function as a topic sentence so we have Mars may have once had life and this is supposed to be a supporting detail okay so First Choice Venus is an intensely hot planet surrounded by clouds full of drops of sulfuric acid well we have sentence about Mars potential answer about Venus not relevant here of all the destinations within human reach Mars is the planet most similar to Earth okay so if this was the topic sentence and then they said Mars may have once had light well we know Earth has life because we're here right now so that's a that's a connection there that I like that as a possibility next one liquid water a necessary ingredient of life may once have flowed on the planet's surface so this one it is connected it can be connected but it's even more specific than the one we see here so we want the other sentence to be more General because we're looking for the topic sentence which is more General than ing detail so this one is connected but it's not the best option space research is a costly frivolous exercise that brings no clear benefit to people on Main Earth okay well you know this is not really going with the same tone of this paragraph I mean Mars tantalizing evidence maybe there was Life on Mars and then someone says this is all a waste of money we don't really see this in the in the same paragraph So let's get rid of that one and let's keep this one here number two imagine this sentence is the topic sentence of a well-developed paragraph Okay so before we needed that Mars may have had life that was our supporting detail so that was a bit more the specific thing and now it's the topic sentence so this we're going to see as more General and we need to find something maybe more specific which of the following sentences would best function as a supporting detail yes so we're looking for more specific then Mars maybe had life once of all the destinations within human reach Mars is the planet most similar to Earth okay so we saw these answers these answers look familiar so we chose that one as a more General theme last time so we're not going to choose it as something more specific so let's get rid of that one Venus is an intensely hot planet surrounded by clouds full of drops of sric acid so Venus again not relevant we're talking about Mars here so let's get rid of that space research is costly frivolous exercise that brings no clear benefit to people on Earth again this is not as relevant and connected as the other options so let's get rid of that and liquid water a necessary ingredient of life may once have flowed on the planet's surface as we said before this is more specific than Mars may have had life so this is a great supporting detail to the to the statement that Mars may have had life so let's go with that one next one how could this sentence function as a supporting detail in a persuasive text arguing that space research is worth the expense and effort because it teaches us more about Earth and ourselves so let's take a deep breath here because we've gone from this is the supporting detail this is the topic sentence this is the supporting detail so what are we even looking at here let's take a minute to slow down and read carefully so how could this sentence function as a supporting detail in a persuasive text arguing that space research is worth the expense and effort let's take a look at our options by using statistics to back up an argument that needs support to be believed well if this is our support in detail above here we don't have statistics I mean we say numerous robotic missions but that's not 65% of missions or that's not 55% of Mars had this so we don't see statistics here so let's get rid of that one by showing how a space Discovery could earn money for investors here on Earth no no money in this sentence they're not saying oh we can sell seats on the space shuttle or we can sell Souvenirs of Mars we don't see any connection with money let's get rid of that by providing an example of a space discovery that enhances our understanding of life so definitely I mean this is tantalizing evidence this is an exciting discovery that maybe there was Life on Mars so that's enhancing it's improving it's expanding our understanding of life that's definitely true and that would be a reason for space research to be a good idea to be worth the expense and effort next one by developing the main idea that no space Discovery can reveal information about Earth well we just mentioned Mars but we don't necessarily rule out Earth and if we're saying no space Discovery can reveal information about Earth that's not a good argument for for why we should invest in space research so that wouldn't go together that answer doesn't even go with the question so let's get rid of that one and we'll choose number three so we've got a new passage here something different different topic the idea of raising children in prison is controversial but well-run prison Nursery programs can actually be beneficial a study of preschool age children showed that anxiety and depression are common among young children who are separated from their mothers at Birth and reunited later in contrast babies who spent brief sentences of two years or less behind bars with their mothers showed greater resilience and stronger attachments according to a Nationwide analysis of women who participated in prison Nursery programs the benefit benefits for mothers are even clearer than the benefits to Children women who were allowed to remain with their infants during prison sentences were less likely to be convicted of another crime and less likely to use drugs in the 5 years after release they were more likely to continue their education in prison and more likely to find employment on the outside mothers involved in prison Nursery programs also reported better mental health and greater confidence in their own parenting skills let's look at our question which statement expresses an opinion so remember we we always have to differentiate between opinions and facts so opinion is something that I believe or my friend believes but maybe someone else doesn't and then the facts will be something we can prove with Statistics scientific studies so here we're looking for opinion more personal and subjective so a study of preschool age children showed that anxiety and depression are common among young children who are separated from their mothers at Birth and reunited later so a study showed that's a research study that's something we can prove so that's not an opinion the idea of raising children in prison is controversial but well-run prison Nursery programs can actually be beneficial so saying these programs benefit people that would be an opinion so I could say that other people think they don't benefit people there's another solution that's a better option so this one's subjective let's keep that mothers involved in prison Nursery programs also reported better Mental Health and greater confidence in their own parenting skills so we're saying what the mothers reported we're not saying whether it's good or bad or we think they were right it's just saying what they reported so we can prove that they reported that we can look at the research study it's not an opinion women who were allowed to remain with their infants during prison sentences were less likely to be convicted of another crime and less likely to use drugs after release so again this is part of the study so this can be proven we can see the statistics they probably have about the probability and how many people were convicted how many people weren't it's not an opinion so let's stick with this one on to the next also about this prison paragraph consider the following sentence from the passage mothers involved in prison Nursery programs also reported better mental health and greater confidence in their own parenting skills is this statement a fact or an opinion why well we actually just discussed this a little bit as one of the potential answers an opinion because it shares information about confidence which is an emotion so we're not saying here I am confident or you know the president is very confident that would be an opinion but they're saying mothers reported greater confidence so it's not an opinion a fact because it states verifiable information about how women reported they felt exactly so we can verify we can check the information we can take out that scientific study and say what did they say what did they say let's check it let's verify it good option a fact because it focuses on information from medical records rather than faulty memories well we don't see faulty memories or medical records mentioned here this is this is not relevant let's get rid of this in opinion because it replies on relies on human input rather than objective sources like computer records well we've already said it's not an opinion the mothers reported this so it's not an opinion let's get rid of that all right it's verifiable we can check and verify it next question about the same passage what is the primary argument of the passage young children should not be forced to live in prisons so is the passage trying to argue trying to convince us that this is true well let's take a look they're saying babies who spent brief sentences Behind Bars showed greater resilience so they're not trying to argue that that's not their point that's not what they're trying to convince us of get rid of that one Society must promote the health and safety of children well that is part of it I mean we're looking at their resilience and their attachments um but it it's quite General if we're talking about this passage it's not health and safety of all children it's these specific children in this context so I don't love the answer maybe we're not ready to cross it out yet let's take a look at the next one letting imprison mothers keep their babies can be helpful well this is the the topic we're talking about in prison mothers and can it be helpful well we see up here the better mental health confidence in their parenting skills as we saw for the babies greater resilience so that's really good and it's it's more relevant to this passage than number two it is bad for children but good for mothers if children live in prison so we see two paragraphs and both of them say that the babies and mothers being together in prison is good so they're saying babies greater resilience and for mothers it's good for babies it's good so this is not the argument that it's bad so let's keep number three then on to the next question what is one assumption behind the passage so with an assumption it's something that's not stated in the passage but something that the author had in mind before they started writing so let's take a look and see if we we see anything that fits that description in prison mothers should take parents in classes to learn how to raise children so I don't think we see anything about par parenting classes we see parenting skills we don't see parenting classes so I don't really see that relevant Let's cross it out some people disagree with the idea of allowing mothers to raise children in prison so we actually see this and I remember let's scroll up and take a look the idea of raising children in prison is controversial that means someone is against it but is this an assumption no because the author is stating it in the paragraph it's in the paragraph so it's not an assumption an assumption is something we we think without explicitly saying it the needs of incarcerated mothers are more important than the needs of their babies do we see that kind of influence of the author's opinion on here well the author is talking about benefits to babies and mothers so I don't really see the author before they start writing think oh this one's more important than this one no there's a paragraph about each that's not the way the author is thinking next Society should protect the health and well-being of children born to incarcerated mothers so was this what the author was thinking before they started to write it could be because they start writing about the benefits for babies benefits for mothers and we don't really see anyone arguing against the this idea here so let's go with that one which sentence responding to the passage displays faaly reasoning um okay so we're going to look for some errors and logic here faulty reasoning some problems with how people are are forming their arguments although prison Nursery programs have benefits they do not justify the costs so this is a different opinion from the one the author has but we don't see faulty reasoning obviously if this person wanted to continue with that argument they would need to support it with evidence but there's no faulty reasoning here let's look for something else putting babies in jail is wrong because people that young do not belong in prison h so the because is actually the same as the first part and this is something called circular reasoning or circular logic where we go in a circle we just start with something we assume some kind of opinion that we don't explain or we don't prove and then we use it to explain something else if I say red dresses are beautiful because red is beautiful and dresses are beautiful so red dresses are beautiful why because red is beautiful dresses are beautiful I'm going around in a circle and I'm never pulling in outside information that says 95% of people report an attraction to the color red it's just me kind of jumping in there and starting something that goes in a circle so babies are young so they shouldn't be in prison why because they're young and young people shouldn't be in prison it's circular logic it is faulty reasoning but let's check the other two just to be sure further research is necessary before it becomes a common practice to incarcerate babies no faulty reasoning here of course research is always good for research is necessary we see some research over here some studies but we can always add on more that's not faulty reasoning Society needs to find a better solution than prison for babies with incarcerated mothers again this is someone with a different opinion than the author here but that's not a faulty reasoning that's just a different opinion so here we have our circular logic let's go with that one the paragraph in the passage about benefits to mothers contains faulty reasoning because it okay so let's look at our paragraph again so this was the second paragraph here and they're talking about less likely to be convicted of another crime less likely to use drugs more likely to continue their education so let's look at our answers about that paragraph suggests a cause and effect relationship without proving it h okay so this is something about causation and correlation so sometimes we say you know it's raining and I did really well on my test well even if that happens a lot is there necessarily an effect that the reain has on you doing well in your test maybe if you prove that the rain makes you stay inside and you're studying made you do well in the test but if we just have two things and we can't prove a connection between them that's not really a good argument and here we're saying that um women have these you know less likely to be convicted of another crime less likely to use drugs but we don't yet have in the paragraph anything says that it's because they were with their babies so we have these two things that are associated but is it necessarily a cause and effect we don't have that proof so let's keep that one causes readers to question the mother's mental health outcomes I don't think readers are questioning we don't have reason to to question we say mothers reported better mental health this is what they themselves said so there's no reason to question does not prove factually that women in the program are better mothers so we do have some confidence in their parenting skills better Mentor mental health so maybe these are the outcomes they they want and they don't necessarily want people to to be better mothers of course better mothers is so objective so how would we factually prove that I mean a better mother some people think a strict mother is better some people think you know a relaxed mother is better so it's hard to prove a better mother factually again we talked about the the word fact and then these descriptive words like it's better it's more comfortable um it's more beautiful those things don't really go together fails to show that it is beneficial to participate in prison education programs well we see they're more likely to continue their education in prison but we're not really talking about being beneficial so that's not really relevant that's not the point we're trying to prove so let's go with number one read the following sentences we must provide funding to expand prison Nursery programs to serve all women who give birth in prison to do otherwise would cause babies to suffer needlessly H okay so this is something we're going to see a lot where people set up this binary this black and white and they don't address the gray area in between so this would be an ineffective conclusion to the passage above because First Choice it uses circular reasoning we saw that before and that was oh red dresses are beautiful because red is beautiful so this is not that we have babies suffer needlessly or expand prison program so we have two extremes we don't have a circle here next choice it uses either or reasoning so that is the name for this this technique this logical fallacy where we have two things set up and it's not real it's not the real situation if I say to my mother either you buy me a car or you don't love me well that's setting up two things without recognizing all the truth in between maybe she says I love you but I can't afford to buy you a car maybe she says I love you but you're not ready for your own car so that would be a problem because I'm I'm acting like there's just two options but there's so many more here there could be another type of program there could be other family members who take care of the babies there's many different types of options Beyond baby suffering and expanding this program there's many more options in the world than that so this is a good either or is not effective its language includes insults so are we insulting anyone here I don't see any kind of insult yeah we we're not insulting anyone which is good so eliminate that its language displays gender bias to serve all women who give birth in prison so we don't see any assumptions about women or any assumptions about babies of a particular sex so we don't see them saying you know because of their their sex or gender they're this way so that would be gender bias and we just don't see that here just like we don't see insult so eliminate those last two either or reasoning one of our logical fallacies which of the following is not clearly a form of faulty reasoning so we're on the same topic we were just thinking about now we've moved away from the passage and we're just in our general knowledge so all these topics that are General Knowledge Questions you'll want to review so which is is not a form of faulty reasoning first choice either or fallacy well we just went over that that is faulty reasoning so when we make it black and white only two choices exist when that's not the reality cross that out that is faulty reasoning circular reasoning again we saw we jump in with an assumption and then we use it to justify something else when we never prove the first thing and we go in a circle so that's faulty reasoning cross it out an overgeneralization so this is one we haven't seen yet on this test what it means is you're using a few people or a small sample size to make a a generalization that's not really true because you don't have enough data you don't have enough people to support that idea so if I say oh my friend with red hair loves chocolate ice cream so all redheaded people love chocolate ice cream well I only met this one person who that's true about I haven't done a study I haven't done scientific research so that's an overgeneralization and it's not good reasoning so that's another faulty reasoning let's get rid of it a statement of opinion is the last one so if I State my opinion you know I I like chocolate ice cream if that's my opinion maybe you disagree but it's not faulty reasoning I say I like so you know it's it's just my opinion and it's subjective so it's not faulty reasoning which is the best definition of the word argument in the context of reading and writing so in the context of reading and writing one an eloquent summary so a summary is recapping what we said it's you know maybe a brief version of what we said throughout the paragraph it's not an argument because an argument is trying to persuade us trying to convince us trying to make us think in one way so it's not the summary no an angry conversation so maybe this answer is interesting for you and maybe in your own life when you hear the word argument you think oh yeah people are angry oh my teacher had an argument with the principal or my friend had an argument with his neighbor so in the context of your life maybe that's what argument means but here we say in the context of reading and writing so careful it's not the same thing so let's get rid of that next one is a persuasive point in a text so if we argue something it's something that people can agree or disagree with and that's why we write because we make a statement we make the argument and then we support it with those rep in details to try to convince people and and get them over to our side and persuade them so that's a really good option arguments are persuasive the next one an object or direct object phrase this is a really General grammatical concept where we have the object is for example if I say I like puppies puppies are the object I'm the subject the verb is like I like puppies but I like puppies is not a persuasive point maybe if I said puppies are the the best because they're so cute and they play with you okay that's more persuasive but just saying I like puppies or I go to work um something very very simple a phrase is not an argument we need an element of persuasiveness convincing people so we're going to go with persuasive you're all doing such a great job following along with this test so great work practicing and for more practice don't forget to visit the link below and access our resources like our study group group and our self-paced online course which has some interactive questions practice tests videos flashcards all the resources you need for your hessie preparation all right let's jump back in all right so we're on to understanding primary sources making inferences and drawing conclusions that's what we're going to address now those primary secondary sources so maybe something to review which of the following could not be a primary source an oil painting well an oil painting is done by an artist so if we're talking about something that van go painted then his painting is a primary source he did it himself a personal email again this comes directly from that person so it's a primary source an autobiography so autobiography is written by you yourself so again it's a primary source an encyclopedia entry so this is not written by the person so if we go on Wikipedia and see about van go or we go in Encyclopedia Britannica that's not directly coming from Van go about himself so let's go with that one which source would provide the most credible information to a researcher interested in studying changes in farming technology since the beginning of the Millennium so credible we're looking for something we can trust we can believe it we think it's a good source with with objective information and informed writing the first one a current advertising pamphlet produced by a tractor company so if we look at advertising a lot of times that won't be a credible Source because the the person has a goal of trying to get you to buy something that so they say our tractor equipment is the best in the world maybe it's not actually true but they want you to buy it's not credible we can't really trust it Let's cross that out a recent post about a tractor accident on the blog Farmer Joe's Farm life well a researcher studying technology and then a tractor accident we don't know that that has a connection with with technology um they might write more about the accident in the medical part or a personal story so that doesn't really help us here let's cross that one up a book published in 1950 about improvements in farm equipment over time well we're we're trying to compare the past to the modern time and 1950 is not the modern time so this is not as relevant to what we're doing so get rid of that a recent article recent comparing features of farm equipment in a journal for Farm owners so a journal for Farm owners is credible because we have they're writing about farming they're experts on this topic so that's something really good and we have a recent article so because we want to compare the past to now that's also really great that's a credible source which of the following is not not a primary source on Charles Darwin so remember primary source comes from the person directly thems Charles Darwin's field notes from his travels well those come from him cross it out it is a primary source On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin he wrote that book cross it out an online database of Charles Darwin's writings well of course he wrote his writings Let's cross it out a blog post about Charles Darwin's contributions well this guy was not blogging because he was alive before computers and he died before computers so this was written by someone else and that makes it not primary source so that's what we're looking for not a source is considered credible we saw this word before if readers can so if they can trust it yes this is what credible means let's check the others just to be sure and rule them out publish if readers can publish it well readers are not the ones publishing The Source maybe they publish something else on their own time but they're reading the source they're they're they're not the ones publishing it it's a publisher analyze well readers can analyze things that are credible that are trustworthy or that are not credible they can analyze someone's argument even if they don't agree so that's not a credible source so analyze and credible it's not related the same with decipher if readers can understand something that's confusing they can decipher it they can manage to understand it that isn't related to whether the source is trustworthy or not so we're really looking at trust goes with credible which type of evidence would not be considered credible to back up arguments in a persuasive text so the First Choice logic so logic is credible that's why we talked about those logical fallacies before those are not credible but when we follow logical reasoning and we say this happens because of this and it's the consequence and it's a real cause and effect that's a good argument so it's not not credible so we have to cross it out statistics so statistics are credible we talked about facts things we can prove scientific studies 30% of something these statistics they are good arguments so they're not not credible and we get rid of them Scare Tactics Halloween's coming up so Scar Tactics so Scar Tactics are when you try to persuade someone of something but you're not not using real inform information you're trying to pressure them for example if someone is trying to sell you some camping equipment and they say if you don't buy this tent a bear will come and eat you you get scared and you want to buy it but there's no there's no logic there there's no statistics there's no science they're just trying to scare you so that's not credible let's keep that one firsthand accounts so firsthand means it's from the person directly it's a primary source and those are credible so not credible scare tactics what type of source is an online video of a conference presentation by a scientist reporting on the results of her research so a scientist talking about her own research something she did herself so that's going to be primary blank provide insight and commentary on the topic but may also introduce biases or errors so if we look at primary sources those are not the Insight or the commentary if if we look at Van Go's paintings or Harriet Tubman's letters those are not the insight and commentary they are the topic so it's not primary sources we're going to look at secondary sources those are ones that comment on something for example if you take the primary sources and you write a biography of Harriet Tubman that's an example of a secondary source but maybe the author is very biased they have a certain opinion about all the action she took and so it's not as direct as her letter it's a secondary source which sources are usually considered most trustworthy so we want just the closest from the person directly the words from their mouth or the data from their research or the notes from their observations those are primary sources now we have a passage so let's take a read of this paragraph and look at the question read the passage below and answer the following question before I came to America I couldn't have known how difficult it would be I knew I would miss my mother and my friends and my language but I didn't know I would have to Scrabble so desperately for so long to earn my place even when I had managed to make a living I overworked myself with an animal Terror when I left home I thought I was leaving poverty behind but eventually I came to understand that I had escaped physical poverty by stepping into a Poverty of the Soul which sequence ACC accurately describes what happened first second and third in the passage so let's go through these and check the order against the passage above one arriving in America Two overworking three escaping poverty so when they when they arrive in America is really the moment when they escape the physical poverty that was in their last home so I would I would switch those two so they escape the physical poverty upon their arrival and then they start overworking so those those those last two should be switched I don't think this is the correct order let's eliminate number two one coming to America Two escaping physical poverty three stepping into a Poverty of the Soul so they say I escaped physical poverty by stepping into a Poverty of the Soul so they arrive in America they come here once they're here they have escaped the physical poverty from Bome but when they start overworking they feel that Poverty of the Soul so this is a good one but let's check the others to be sure one knowing how difficult America would be hm okay wait wait wait wait let's go back to the to the first sentence before I came to America I couldn't I couldn't have known how difficult it would be so this is not even about the order being incorrect this is factually in incorrect they didn't know how difficult America would be it wasn't even possible for them to know I couldn't have no eliminate it next one expecting to miss friends okay they did expect to miss friends knowing how difficult America would be we see the same thing the first sentence contradicts this so get rid of that let's go with number two all right so we're on to a new we have a Graphic here actually we have two Graphics here so something a little bit different for us study the graphic element and consider the summary below to answer the following question a high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class so we see here two graphic elements um we have the pie chart time spent speaking we see female 30% male 70% and then we have the bar chart so average number of times students are interrupted during class discussions arranged by gender so we have number of times and then we have gender on the x-axis so male we see the number of times they are interrupted is three female they are interrupted six times summary of the research following a month-long study of the participation levels in political science class 2011 the results indicate that males speak for the majority of the time 12 1-hour sessions took place over a course of a month the professor lectured for approximately half the class the professor is male but the total time and subsequent questions taken during his lecture were subtracted to calculate the data only the time dedicated to post lecture discussion was evaluated for creating the graphs and conclusion as a result of the research it would be recommended to host formal debate styled conversations however it may be necessary to create some if not very specific limitations to prevent a filibuster effect someone talking for a long time these limitations would allow for each debate party whoever it may consist of to share their opinions and pose questions to the professor and class all right down to our question male students spend blank of class time speaking so we see all the options are percentages so let's go look at our pie chart which had percentages so time spent speaking 70% so this one I think we have some some concrete information in this graph so if we read the graph carefully maybe we don't have to go through answer by answer as I usually recommend but you could go through answer by answer to be extra careful and what you would see is how is the question trying to trick you okay we see three where is three up here three is a number of times interrupted so it's not a percent so that's incorrect six is also number of times it's not a percent the only percents are in the time spent speaking and we're looking for the male which is 70 not the 30% which would represent female okay our second question about this graphic which statement accurately describes the average number of interruptions during each class discussion so let's look at our options male students are interrupted an average of six times so is this true or false let's look up here number of times students are interrupted by gender male three okay so that's not true female students are interrupted an average of six times let's take a look students are interrupted female six times M looks pretty good male students interrupt others an average of three times okay a little bit interesting because they're changing the wording but this wording doesn't go with our chart wording so students are interrupted so that doesn't match and we'll see actually the last one too female students interrupt others that's not what our chart is about our chart is who is interrupted by others so we're going to go with the female students six times general question here a blank restates the main idea of a text in different words attributing the ideas to the author so a summary well yeah when we summarize something I mean we do restate the idea we use some different words we rephrase it we summarize it we recap it so that's a good option sequence in a sequence we're talking about order there's usually a step one step two step three and we don't see any kind of indication of order here so I would eliminate that topic sentence so restates the main idea well actually the topic sentence States the main idea so the topic sentence is going to be earlier in the paragraph It's not a restatement in different words it's the statement in the original words so that's not not correct now graphic elements well we just saw in the past question we saw bar chart we saw we saw a pie chart but here we're saying in different words so we're using words not graphics so that's going to be summary and now back to our graphic elements here our pie chart and our bar chart so which argument does the information in the graph's best support So for a little refresher we have males speaking 70% of the time we have male interrupted only three times versus females interrupted six times so female students do not have as many ideas about political science as male students so we don't see anything about ideas here we're talking about speaking someone can have amazing ideas in their house head and they don't speak them out loud so let's eliminate this one we're not talking about ideas in these graphs the class should make a greater effort to give students of both genders a fair chance to speak okay so it doesn't really look Fair here if we look at these two's bars if we look at this pie chart these don't look Fair they don't look equal so that could be something good contrary to popular belief male students face greater gender discrimination in school settings well at least in this class I mean we have males are only interrupted half as much as females so that is not proven by these elements there is no substantial difference between male and female's class participation in discussions well is it a substantial difference I mean 3 versus 6 six is twice as much and then 70% is more than twice 30% so this is a really big difference if one statistic is twice the other for me that's a big difference it is it is substantial so cross that one out the class should make greater effort to give students a both genders a fair chance to speak okay so we have a different type of graphic here we're looking at a flowchart which is something that goes in a sequence step one step two we have some different options so we see start look in the kitchen want to eat any of this stuff can you afford to eat out if not go look in the kitchen if yes eat um so we depending on the steps we might go in a different order let's take a look at the question what is the first thing the chart asks you to do if you are hungry okay so let's go to the beginning the first thing so I'm hungry me too I understand start okay start look in the kitchen look in the kitchen okay so look in the kitchen so we see these other options with these charts it's pretty clear that that you know when we see the answer we find it if you have the time and you want to be extra sure you could eliminate other things by looking at the sequence for example we see eat is the last one at the bottom so we would cross that out so it's not the first thing we would see consider whether you can afford to eat out or consider whether you want to eat what you have we can see that those are also lower down so they're further in the sequence so we can eliminate those by saying they come after our answer of look in the kitchen but with the graphics you're pretty sure that you have a concrete proof that your answer is correct next question about the flowchart according to the flowchart what do you need to do if you cannot afford to eat out okay so let's go back here so he said look in the kitchen want to eat any of this stuff no can you afford to eat out so according to this question we cannot so no we're going to go back up look in the kitchen so do we have any answers connected to the kitchen grow a garden well we don't see that anywhere here on the flowchart so maybe that's a different idea but we're going to be focused on what's in front of us so not grow a garden get a better job again that's not in the flowchart nope buy a recipe book we don't see that in the flowchart find food in the kitchen okay so we saw we were looking for an answer with kitchen and there it is we found it a blank would be most helpful for showing how many units of various products a business has sold so what kind of graphic is if we have multiple products we want to show how many we've sold so diagram diagram is very general it's really an illustration of something so it's comparing units with that um it's it's probably not the best option can can we eliminate it right away maybe not let's look what else we have so pie chart so pie chart is when we have a hole and we break it down by parts or percentages and here we don't really have a whole because we're looking at various products so we're looking at different products not one hole break broken up into pieces bar graph okay very good so we'll have different rectangles that represent maybe we sold two red shirts five black shirts eight white shirts so that could be something that's really good for different products flowchart well flowchart is what we just saw with a sequence an order of events step one step two step three that's not connected to different products so let's go with our bar graph read the sentences below my team wolf is not a danger to humans despite her size and alarming appearance she is basically a big warm-hearted puppy all right what is the function of an of the underline transition word in sentence two so let's see the underline word despite so if you've been studying your transition words you might have an idea but let's go through the answers just to be sure to express a contrast so yes this is what despite does so we say despite her size she's very big and alarming or scary appearance she is a warmhearted puppy so we have this contrast despite the fact that I like chocolate I don't like white chocolate so we always have a contrast one positive one negative so she's really big and scary but she's like a little puppy contrast we could look at the other ones we're pretty sure it's number one but to provide an example well we don't have an example of her size or her being a puppy we don't have an example like she likes to play fetch like a puppy we don't have an example to add emphasis to a point well we're not emphasizing how big and scary she is we're actually contrasting she's big and scary but she's like like a puppy so we're not stressing how big she is we're not emphasizing it to indicate time or sequence so we're not saying oh first she looked like a puppy and then she was scary so despite is not a Time word here let's go with contrast despite for contrast some more transitions here read the sentences below Sheniqua shows clearly that she is driven to succeed as a student blank I have often noticed her waiting outside the library before it opens at 6:00 a.m. blank her teachers report that she frequently ask for help outside of class which words or phrases should be inserted into the blanks to provide clear transitions between these ideas so would we say let's plug them in and see how it looks Sheniqua shows clearly that she has driven to succeed as a student in conclusion I have often noticed her waiting outside the library before it opens at 6 a.m. well already that first one doesn't work because we're not concluding we're not even at the end yet so we're not not going to say that it's it's it's proof that she's a good student it's not the conclusion or the summary eliminate that first one okay Sheniqua shows clearly that she is driven to succeed as a student first I have often noticed her waiting outside the library before it opens at 6: am okay all right that that that can work consequently her teachers report that she frequently ask for help outside of class so consequently is about a cause and effect about the result of something so consequently would be more like if we said oh she studies all day at the library consequently she does really well in her tests because of all her time studying here this is not a consequence her being at the library her being with the teachers is not a cause and effect next one Sheniqua shows clearly that she is driven to succeed as a student although I have noticed I have often noticed her waiting outside the library before it opens at 6:00 a.m. in in contrast her teachers report that she frequently asked for help so here we have two contrast words although which is a contrast word in contrast of course is a contrast phrase and they don't work here because the paragraph is all on the same theme it's all proving the same thing that chenique was working really hard she's a graced student she's studying hard so we don't have any contrasts all these are on the same side that she's a great student get rid of that so Sheniqua shows clearly that she is driven to succeed as student for instance I have often noticed her waiting outside the library before it opens at 6: a.m. okay for instance an example of her drive how hard she works furthermore her teachers report that she frequently asks for help outside of class so that furthermore is a lot better because it's not a contrast we're emphasizing we're giving extra proof of the same idea that she's a great student so let's go with that one next the tone of a text is a word word or phrase that links ideas well tone is all over a text so it's not a single word or phrase no no no the reader's emotional response well the tone can create the emotional response so if we have a scary tone in the passage like an Edgar Allen Poe scary mysterious tone the reader could be scared but the tone belongs to the passage and what the author did not the reader's response so let's get rid of that a structural pattern in a series of words tone is not a specific pattern there can be a lot of different elements of tone it's what verbs you choose to use what transitions you use is the language really formal or really relaxed is it really funny are you making jokes so it's not a specific pattern cross that out the author's attitude towards the subject so that's more what we were talking about if they're having fun with the subject they're making jokes about it versus if the tone is very formal and they're saying may I discuss this with you that's a different tone so it's how the author approaches the subject their attitude the tone of a text is blank if the words say the opposite of what they really mean so ironic well actually the this is the the answer here we will check to be sure but ironic is when we're expecting one thing and then something else happens so if you go to a painter's house and you expect they will have the walls covered in paintings and art and they don't have any art in their house you're thinking but you're an artist you have no art that's opposite of what I would expect so that would be ironic the next one Earnest so Earnest is the opposite of ironic so Earnest means you say what you mean you're honest you're sincere so it's not the opposite of what you mean confused I guess it's confusing or you are confused if you say the opposite of what you mean but ironic is something that's done with a purpose by authors we'll see this in some examples on this test but they use the opposite to to have an effect on readers to surprise them or often to be funny so they're not confused they're choosing the opposite words on purpose unambiguous so unambiguous means it's really clear so if the words are the opposite of what they really mean that wouldn't be that wouldn't be very clear so let's go with ironic read the passage below and answer the following question a bit of a long passage here but let's stick with it we're pushing through we're getting really close to the end of the test so I think you've done a great job and we can finish off strong when Dr Kingston Hussein saw an announcement for a conference titled ethics of human embryonic research he booked his ticket six months in advance we need to stop and reflect on the ramifications of every new development in our research said Dr Hussein the lead researcher in embryology at the damson Crockett Institute in Lewiston Maine every researcher in our field feels the weight of responsibility here it's what we talk about when we go out for drinks after work attitudes like Hussein stand in stark contrast to Common public perceptions of embryonic research these guys think they're Gods said Liz good chairwoman of the center for ethical and dignified Humanity an organization that opposes all research on human embryos they want to get rich selling designers babies to billionaires it's a nightmare an outside Observer might expect a researcher like Dr Hussein to avoid all contact with an activist like good on the contrary Dr Hussein wrote to the organizers of the conference and requested that they invite good to host a panel we need dialogue he said we need to hear what makes the public uncomfortable he chuckled we also need to inform them about what we're actually doing and what are the embryonic researchers doing not building designer babies he said doct Hussein uses words like run-of-the-mill medical to describe his research goals for instance he is seeking causes and treatments for variety of neurological disorders which adjective most accurately describes the author's tone so again tone was what words they choose is it very formal is it funny is it relaxed let's let's look at our options here scathing so what does scathing mean scathing is really negative it's very critical it's attacking someone else we don't see that here from the author I mean we do see for example Liz good she's saying these guys think they're Gods maybe her tone is scathing but she's not the author we need the author's tone it's not scathing very critical objective so the author shows both sides of the doctor and the chairwoman and the the author really just reports what they what they say without taking a stand you know themsel so I think objective is a good option here there's no particular strong opinion from the author negative well again we see both sides of an issue we just report what these two people how they approach the issue so it's not negative and ironic so is there something that's the opposite of what we expect no we have a doctor doing research that's what we expect a chairwoman sharing their opinion that's also what we expect so there's nothing unexpected here so let's go with objective we see both sides of the story and the author does not give a lot of descriptive opinion um good or bad same passage here reread the following quotation from the passage every researcher in our field feels the weight of responsibility here it's what we talk about when we go out for drinks after work which adjective most accurately describes Dr Hussein's tone so we have scathing again is it very critical no I mean he's talking about his own work and his own discussion so not criticizing someone else no apathetic so apathetic means you don't care you can just picture apathetic shrug I don't care I don't know it it doesn't interest me I don't care I have no opinion so he's not apathetic here he's saying he feels the weight of responsibility it's what we talk about if it's a subject you talk about a lot with your colleagues you're not apathetic Earnest so Earnest means you're sincere and you're honest so he's saying I feel responsible this is what I talk about with my colleagues it sounds really Earnest yeah ironic the opposite of what you expect well a Doctor Who's a researcher and they take their job seriously that is what I expect I think that's what most of us expect I think it would be very strange to be a doctor and to be working on a subject that's that you don't take seriously that you don't feel responsible for that would be ironic but here it's very consistent with our expectations so we're going to go with Earnest on to our next one rad a different following quotation from the passage these guys think they're Gods they want to get rich selling designer babies to billionaires it's a nightmare okay different different tone here which adjective most accurately describes Liz Good's tone harsh so harsh is very severe um again criticizing someone so harsh is whoa that was very harsh so that that could work here I mean saying that they think they're Gods they're selling babies that's a very harsh idea it's a nightmare very strong language here tolerant o I wouldn't say calling someone saying that a situation is a nightmare that's not tolerant or saying someone thinks they're a God that's not tolerant of these people no no no Earnest so Earnest I mean maybe this is how she feels but it's not really her talking honestly and sincerely about her experience she's kind of throwing accusations at someone else and maybe she doesn't really know what they're really feeling so this is not Earnest like the doctor talking about his own responsibility ironic is this the opposite of what we expect so it's it's not exactly the opposite of what we expect I mean maybe you could say doctors should be ethical so they shouldn't be selling design our babies but we don't really have the the truth behind that so this is really about her tone and her tone is very harsh she's accusing someone else of something and saying it's a nightmare her words are very very severe very critical very harsh which phrase functions as a transition to juxtapose dissimilar ideas in the passage so juxtapose is to hold something up show how they're different so which phrase here is a transition to juxtapose to contrast dissimilar ideas different ideas attitudes like Dr Hussein so let's look for that in the past message attitudes like Dr Hussein stand in Star contrast well we do have contrast the word but that's not in the phrase so maybe it's not the best that sentence shows a contrast but let's look at the others just in case for instance so for instance in general it's not a contrast transition but let's try to find it in here let's see do we see for instance for instance at the at the bottom here describe his research goals for instance he is seeking cure for neurological disorders so he's saying run-ofthe-mill his research is very standard medical research for instance he's looking for um treatment for a disease so this is not a contrast It's actually an example of what he's doing so for instance not contrast an outside Observer so an outside Observer might expect Dr Hussein to avoid all contact well after this we see some contrast which is a bit of a spoiler for the answer but an outside Observer that's not the phrase that shows contrasts on the contrary sounds like a contrast phrase let's find it it was right after that might expect Dr Hussein to avoid all contact on the contrary he wrote to the organizers and asked them to invite her so on the contrary the opposite it's a contrast it's juxtaposed we see a difference so on the cont so we are done then all right excellent work so great job staying with me going through all those passages all those questions and answers we reviewed some great topics like the the main topic the topic sentence evaluating sources primary secondary now you know which areas are stronger and which ones you might need to study a little bit so don't forget to go to the free Link in the description below you can take a full practice test all the sections and you should also take a look at our other resources like our self-paced study course or our study group if you want to be in a group with others we have a lot of hessie resources so subscribe for more hessie content and great work today good luck on the test