[Music] what's going on Give me liberty fans we have chapter four for you today of the fourth edition if you get another Edition it'll match up also make sure you're checking the description for other videos especially new curriculum videos that are out all right let's start off talking about slavery and Empire in the 1700 slavery was very common in the British Empire many Goods such as sugar and tobacco were traded and were based off of slave labor on Plantation the Triangular Trade not only benefited southern plantation owners but it also benefited those living in port cities and cities with little slaves there were lots of goods that were traded again based off of sugar tobacco and various crops Liverpool and Bristol in England became banking centers and as time progressed slavery increased as well so let's talk about Africa and the African slave trade Europeans went further into Africa coast and this was really started by Spain and Portugal as Europeans developed a little more immunity to diseases they went further and further in and Spain and Portugal were the first European countries to really begin and exploit the slave trade the use of guns encouraged to capture of more slaves they would trade guns with various African tribes the mid passage was this Force Journey from Africa to the Americans This was part of the Triangular Trade that captured slaves would take and one out of five of them died on the first journey and they became more entrenched slavery became more entrenched in the colonies we would see harsher laws as time went on and more racism developed as well in the Middle Passage no matter how bad you think it is it was pretty much even worse and most of the slaves were sent to Brazil or the West Indies that's where most of the African slaves ended up okay let's jump on over to Chesapeake do you remember what two counties make up the Chesapeake think about it you know it Maryland and Virginia good job so in the ches we have tobacco based slavery this was a huge source of income for land owners now remember post Bacon's rebellion and when bacon burned down Jamestown do you remember that little strip of bacon went and burned down Jamestown yeah you do what happened more slavery increased after Bacon's Rebellion very important if you're writing an essay about the growth of slavery make sure you include this that there's a movement from indenter servants to Slaves now in the Chesapeake politicians either were planter Elites or they had ties to planter Elites and they would defend and encourage the growth of slavery so those that are making laws really had ties to slavery a master's power in the Chesapeake overs slaves increased over time as it did everywhere else free blacks lost rights they they couldn't bear arms they couldn't vote so even blacks that were not slaves saw their rights decrease as well and Creek Indians in South Carolina and Georgia they would capture and sell slaves of their enemies and they would be shipped to the West Indies to be used as slaves okay like tobacco transformed the Chesapeake rice would transform the South Carolina Society you would see the emergence of racism and Elites would be in control as well and in the 1740s Indigo another valuable cash crop is introduced and rice plantations were enormous they were very expensive to start up it talk it took a lot of money to start so these plantations would be enormous to make that money back and Africans had some immunity to malaria which is why they would be used on these rice plantations it was very arduous work lots of bugs lots of swamp Lane it was just really some of the worst labor that you could do the test system emerged and this required slaves to complete certain tasks in a given day and when they they finished they would then be done and they had some time to their themselves let's jump on over to Georgia we have James ogal Thorp and is the leader of Georgia and Georgia was originally established to be a buffer colony between South Carolina and Spanish Florida so if the Spanish and Florida wanted to invade South Carolina for example they'd have to go through Georgia they originally banned slavery but later on they became prosperous when they adopted South Carolina's Plantation model now slavery did exist in the north most people don't realize this it was just on a smaller scale New England did recognize slave marriages and slaves did have some rights like suing in court and testifying in court although this was very limited now over time wage labor began to replace slave labor and was more prominent because managers could fire at will and there was less of a capital investment upfront than slavery you can hire and fire when times are good or times are bad so like Native Americans Africans were a very diverse group they spoke different languages and they practiced many different religions and they and they also created new music art and literature that combined that was a combination of European African and American aspects and here's a very famous visual of slaves on a plantation dancing and creating new music African religions practice animism like many Native American religions like many Native Americans and many many African slaves continued to practice their African religion and then slowly transitioned to Christianity when they came to the Americas and they did combine aspects of both it's very important to know they took their old old traditions and combined them with aspects of Christianity the ches slave population they re reproduce more quickly than other areas because of lower mortality rates than the Deep South and they had more contact with whites and they learned English more quickly than did slaves in other areas of the British colonies South Carolina and Georgia again as I mentioned they they worked had very tough difficult work on Rice plantations and they had less contact with whites than other areas and Northern slaves had more Mobility than Southern slaves and they also had more frequent contact with whites slaves would often resist their their status and newspapers would be filled with ads of Runway slaves an example of one slave rebellion you should be familiar with is the New York City slave rebellion slaves they revolted they said fires to houses and they killed nine whites now this will be very important to know every time there is a slave rebellion there will be harsher laws and they will really clamp down on the slav so many of these slaves were executed in response and laws become more strict and more tight maroon communities develop and these are made up of runaway slaves and they have their own distinct cultures that emerge and in 1739 we had a Stono Rebellion near Charleston South Carolina slaves tried to flee to Spanish Florida and they killed many whites along the way they were beating drums to grab attention and a result of this just like the New York City slave rebellion many slaves were executed and furthermore again I can't stress this enough every time there's a rebellion there will be more strict slave codes that really regulated the behavior of slaves and not in a good way they became much more harsh what are some impacts of conflicts with European countries particularly France well high taxes and Military establishments are created and after the Seven Years War this is a very important idea Britain begins to tax the colonies to help pay for the debt from the war commerce was seen as positive in the colonies it was seen as a very good thing and many people benefited from this as we talked about in Britain there was some limited government under their constitution the House of Commons the Lords and the King here's King George thei they all kind of were able to check each other on some scale at least and many counts throughout the mid 18th century in the 1750s 1760s they viewed the British system as the freest in the world and we'll talk about why that changes and Liberty began to be associated with resisting arbitrary government arbitrary means random so this idea that a government can just make random decisions based on how they're feeling in any given day please know that term arbitrary so republicanism this is idea emerges it promoted public life participation by being economically independent many people in the colonies wanted to be economically independent and there's this belief that if you own property You Were Somehow more virtuous than others so there'll be a push for a lot of people to own property liberalism is another idea not to be confused with liberalism today whatsoever this focused on in on individuals and their private life and the government should protect natural rights we know that from John Lock think about it what are the three natural rights according to John Lock you know it life liberty property very good liberalism focused on the protection of property including slaves so many people felt that the government should protect private property including slaves and many women and slaves they begin to challenge their state based on the belief of natural rights so then lman also encourages women and slaves to begin to question and challenge their status so property requirements really throughout early American history were a prerequisite to voting you couldn't vote unless you owned property and there were more people in the colonies that could vote than in Britain because a higher percentage of American colonists own property than did British citizens voting was mostly limited to men and Protestants in addition to being Property Owners you saw many Catholics weren't able to vote simply because of their beliefs nine Colonial Governors were appointed by the crown or Proprietors and in South Carolina in order to sit on the assembly in order to be a legislature you had to be wealthy you had to own a certain amount of land and New England Town leaders generally were the ones who were the wealthiest so again we see Elites and Wealthy individuals that are in control satary neglect holy cow know this it was really this this idea by this dude Robert waple who is the prime minister and he basically said listen we're going to leave the colonies alone we're going to let them develop on their own they can even have their own governments and if you kind of let them develop on their own they'll be economically prosperous so Britain really left the colonies alone as long as they were making money this will come screeching to a halt in 1763 when the French and Indian war ends because Great Britain is in debt very important to know I can't stress that enough that is a turning point in colonial American history when Great Britain is in massive debt and they end salutary neglect some Colonial assemblies had significant power they could pay the governor's salary that was appointed by the crown or a proprietor so the assemblies really had power over the governor dig a Little Deeper with assemblies assemblies became more vocal over time in Pennsylvania they had a unic Camal assembly which means a one house and this was very powerful and assemblies and governors sometimes did butt heads and it would progressively get worse as time went on colonies printed their own money this would later be outlawed here's some money printed by Pennsylvania and later on Britain with the Currency Act will forbid this and this will make the colonist very upset Britain wanted money to be paid in gold or silver so that will be banned later British colonies were the most democratic of all in North America when you include the Spanish and the French politics were often discussed in City taverns and clubs and City clubs like cities like Boston and New York and Philadelphia you could walk into a Tavern and that's where people would be discussing politics 75% of free male adults were literate in the colonies as were 33% of women so this is pretty good for the 18th century and a very popular book one of the bestselling books was Ben Franklin's autobiography A very influential Book in American history so freedom of speech back in the 18th century is different than what we think of it today freedom of speech in Britain was reserved for legislators not citizens so it would be okay for a legislator to criticize the government but not necessarily for a citizen prior to 1695 all printing material needed a government license and we're going to jump over to a very famous Tri the trial of John Peter zanger you absolutely must know this in 17 this is a trial in 1735 and John Peter zanger is a printer in New York in New York he printed negative remarks about the governor now according to the law he should have been found guilty however he was found not guilty and this really helped promote the idea of freedom of the press it's okay to begin to criticize the government and this is really a huge turning point in freedom of the press which we see in the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution so let's jump on over to the American side of the Enlightenment there's a focus on reason and individuals began to attack Traditions not based on Merit but on hereditary privileges things like progentra the idea that the eldest son inherits all the land that idea came under attack as a result of the American Enlightenment arminianism is the idea that reason could help establish religious Essentials and it's really combining religion with the idea of reason and a new religion begins to develop called deism and this is the idea that God created the world and then stepped back there are a lot of famous individuals who were deas people like Ben Franklin and Thomas Payne they believed yes there is a God but God does not intervene in the lives of daily individuals okay the Great Awakening holy cow star this know this very very important ministers became concerned with waning religious piy that's a fancy way of saying there is a decrease in religious participation so things like the enlightenment are driving people away from religion so the first grade awakening is going to bring them back so the first grade awakening is a religious revival in the colonies and in Europe dudes like this guy John Edwards who gave his famous speech sinners in the hands of an Angry God basically said listen God is pissed he's angry and you're going to go to hell if you don't convert immediately so this really encourage people to be baptized and to go back to the church George Whitfield is this great orator from England and he became very very famous even Ben Franklin was very impressed by his speeches we see the emergence this is a very important effect of the first Great Awakening we see the emergence of new churches and these are called new lights this idea that these new ministers are really kind of changing traditional sermons so what is the impact well preachers criticized commercialism very few of them stood out stood against slavery and criticized slavery and we have the emergence of new denominations holy Cal you must know this new branches of Christianity begin to develop this is also a forerunner could be seen as a forerunner to the American Revolution because people began questioning traditional Authority they began to question traditional church leaders Spanish North America they controlled Mexico the Southwest Us the Great Plains and then after the French and Indian War the Louisiana Purchase they began to colonize Texas in the early 1700s and then they'll come will come back to then the mid 1830s precidio were military outposts that were established throughout North America by the Spanish and in California they established many presidios and many natives died after the Spanish settled in their areas again because of diseases in Spain sought to assimilate the natives into their society and the French really made up present day Canada in the Mississippi River Valley prior to the end of the French and Indian War and they had a much smaller population than the British British colonists they only had about 65,000 people and they were very active with their trade alliances with natives but you know this cuz we've covered it in previous chapters already okay so we have a battle emerging for the continent the Ohio Valley became very important for England France and natives alike natives such ascoy they played Europeans off each other they would kind of um favor one European nation for a little bit then switch over to another one the Ohio company by the British they saw land recognition from France and this really ignited the Seven Years War and it started by a n by a dude by the name of George Washington and the balance of power after the Seven Years War the French and Indian War was forever altered in North America so George Washington he helped start this war there's a young George Washington in his 20s and initially the French and the natives were successful but later the British would Prevail and France is going to be removed from North America and Britain gained land in the in the Caribbean as well so the P of Paris of 1763 went in out a peace treaty is signed in Paris or near there this ended the French and IND war and France lost Canada to Britain and Spain lost Florida to Britain as well so Britain really increased its Holdings in North America there is massive debt for both the British and the French the British would begin to create new taxes such as this the Stamp Act and this will be resisted by the colonist we'll talk about that in the next chapter and the French debt would help encourage the French Revolution so let's jump on over pex's Rebellion 1963 natives in Michigan Ohio and Indiana they revolted against the encroachment at British colonist so after the French and Indian War British colonist began to expand and Pontiac and these Native Americans revolted against it this helped lead to the Proclamation line of 1763 star this bad boy you have to know it this prohibited Westward Expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains the British said to the col you cannot go past this line here so all this land here in pink that the British won from the French and Indian War guess what colonist you can't touch it at all you can't have it so the natives could not sell land to the colonists under this Proclamation line as well and the colins were Furious they're like listen bro we just fought for the past 7 n years in this war give us this land the Paxton Boys was a conflict between Scots Irish in Pennsylvania and natives in which they massacred Native American men women and children and they felt that the natives were Trea treed Too Well by the governor gee that sounds a whole lot like Bacon's Rebellion as well and this would demonstrate the end of positive relations that William Penn sought to establish with natives when he founded Pennsylvania CIS became a more unified identity after the Seven Years War they had this more unified identity as a whole and the Albany Plan of Union of 1754 was Ben Franklin's Vision to unify the county he said we must join or die if we don't get together and all agree we'll be like a snake cut into a lot of pieces we will die however this plan was rejected by both the colonies and Britain and many colonists in 1763 loved being members of the British Empire they're like yo We're British we love it that's going to come to an end and we'll find out why in the next chapter all right a quick recap know the Middle Passage slavery in the Chesapeake versus slavery in South Carolina and Georgia that sounds like a great short answer question to me the creation of Georgia why it happen African religions cultures and how they blended with America slave rebellion you got to know the New York City won and Stono voting requirements what were they in many colonies power of colonial assemblies John Peter Zang or holy cow what did he what did we learn from him Jonathan Edwards George Whitfield the Great Awakening and its impact everything about them the Seven Years War how does it who wins what happens to France as a result definitely know that Pontiac relling led to the Proclamation line of 1763 what was the deal with the Pakistan boys and the Albany Plan of Union what was the goal and was it successful all right guys thank thank you very much for watching I look forward to seeing you right back here for chapter 5 we'll get into a famous philosopher T pay here he is if you have any questions or comments feel free to leave them in the section below and please check out other videos in the description as well I wish you guys nothing but the best of luck thank you very much for watching and have a good day