[Music] today we're exploring the incredible phenomenon of volcano formation at hot spots we'll break this down into some easy steps so you can easily understand how these fiery mountains emerge from the depths of the earth step one heat from the Earth's core it all starts deep within the Earth where intense heat from the core causes the mantle to become very hot causing thermal plumes that rise towards the surface step two as the heat rises it forms mantle plumes Columns of extremely hot rock that Ascend through the mantle step three is in the melting of the crust when the mantle plume reaches the base of the crust the intense heat causes partial melting of the overlying rock this melted rock or magma begins to accumulate in the magma Chambers beneath the earth's crust step four formation of volcanoes as the pressure builds up in the magma chamber magma forces its way through cracks in the Earth's crust when it reaches the surface it erupts forming a volcano these eruptions can occur repeatedly building up layers of lava and Ash to form large volcanic structures step five Island chains and plate movement over millions of years as a tectonic plate moves over the stationary Hotpot a chain of volcanoes can form each new volcano forms as the plate moves away from The Hot Spot creating a sequence of volcanic islands like the Hawaiian Islands next time you see a volcano Remember The Incredible Journey of heat and magma from deep within the Earth to the surface hotpots are a fascinating part of our planet's geology Contin shaping and reshaping the landscape [Music] [Music]