Okay, so let's talk about your muscular system. So, these are the word parts or common word parts that you may encounter when studying your muscular system. Okay, so your number one here, your fascia or fascia means the fibrous membrane. Fibro means fiber. Hemis means half.
Your kines or kinesio means movement. Your ligamento means ligament. Your musculo means muscle. Your mayo also means muscle.
Para means near or alongside. Paresis means partial or incomplete paralysis. Plegia or pledgia means paralysis.
Your quadri or your quad means four. Steno means strength. Tendo or your tendino means tendon.
And your tono. means tone, okay? Now, what is the muscular system?
So, the muscular system is one of the most important system in our body and sa buong katawan po natin, meron po tayong over 600 muscles, okay? Over 600 muscles and it helps you to move, okay? For movement, for breathing, for pumping of blood, and even digest food, okay?
Now, these muscles work with our Bones to allow movement and support. Now, without the muscular system, simple actions like walking, talking, or even blinking would be impossible. Lahat po yan, lahat ng movement, lahat ng contraction sa katawan natin is due to our muscular system.
Okay? Now, there are three types of muscles. Three types of muscles. Ano yun?
We have the skeletal muscle, your cardiac muscle. and your smooth muscle now unahin natin sa skeletal skeletal muscle so our skeletal muscle is voluntary ibig sabihin na ko control po natin okay can be controlled yan anong example ng skeletal muscle natin itong mga to yan nako control mo yan yan yung mga paa mo yung blinking of your eye yan yung sa mouth mo nako control po natin ang skeletal muscle And where are they located or where are they attached? They are attached to the bones.
Okay? Your skeletal muscle is located near your bones or attached to your bones. They are responsible for locomotion or what we call movement and for posture. Okay?
So skeletal muscle is voluntary. And what is the appearance of skeletal muscle when we look at it in the microscope? It is striated.
Okay? It is striated. po siya. Ibig sabihin, may line line line sha okay is created my mama line line can a makita hey now next second is your cardiac muscle cardiacs and nakita to of course found in your heart now cigar jack muscle by voluntary or no control nothing no it is involuntary automatic boy and gumagalaw. Bakit?
Nakokontrol mo ba yung pagtibok ng puso mo? Of course. course not so cardiac muscle is involuntary okay so what is its appearance?
it is striated okay striated cells it means there are lines but unlike your skeletal muscle in cardiac muscle they are just light okay they are not that many okay now what is its job? contracts rhythmically to pump blood okay contracts rhythmically to pump. blood okay so my ebic sabine my um sinusundan siyang pattern ng pag contract okay next naman is your smooth muscle so smooth muscle is also involuntary okay involuntary pero si smooth muscle saan mo siya mahanap walls of the organs okay located in walls of your organs your vessels or your blood vessels and it controls your digestion and blood flow Okay, inside your veins and arteries, there is a smooth muscle. That's why our blood flows properly.
They contract or make a small blood vessel or dilate or make a large blood vessel to control the blood flow in our body. Okay? So, what is its appearance, ma'am?
This is the only difference. Okay? The smooth muscle is non-istriated. Okay, non-striated. Wala po siyang mga line, line, line.
That's why other name ng ating smooth muscle is the non-striated muscle. Okay, non-striated. muscle. So, let's repeat it. So, skeletal muscle is voluntary.
Voluntary means that we can control it. That moves the skeleton and maintains your posture. It's also known as your isteriated muscle.
Okay? So, our skeletal muscle is the isteriated muscle. It is made up of muscle fiber.
Okay? It is made up of muscle fiber. Now, kapag pinagsama-sama niyo po ang maraming muscle fiber, ang mabubuo po natin dyan is your fascicle.
Okay? So, si fascicle is bundle of muscle. Pinagsama-sama lang yan na muscle fiber. Now, si ligament naman, eto yan.
Anong sinagawan yung ligament natin? It connects your bone to bone. Okay?
It connects your bone to bone. Structure din po yan. Malapit sa ating skeletal. Now, your tendons, it connects what?
It connects your muscle to bone. It connects your muscle to bone or your bone to muscle. Now, in our skeletal muscle, we have what we call prime mover or your agonist and your antagonist.
So, what's the difference between prime mover or agonist to antagonist? When we say agonist, it's different, right? Prime mover. primary, siya yung una or main, responsible for main movement. Anong example ng prime mover po?
This one, your biceps. Okay, si biceps is the prime mover. Siya yung responsible sa flexing of your arms.
And antagonist naman, antagonist, kontrabida, it opposes the movement. Okay, kabalik tara naman, it opposes the movement. Ang example naman yan is itong nasa likod.
Okay, itong nasa likod ng ating biceps that is your triceps tricep naman po is an example of your antagonist muscle okay now next smooth muscle okay so your smooth muscle is found in places such as your stomach diba sabi natin kanina walls okay walls of your organs such as your stomach your intestines your blood vessels ayan meron din yun sa ating bladder ayan now this smooth muscle is are, I should say, are involuntary. Hindi po natin nakokontrol yan. Okay?
Kusa po silang nagmumove o nagkokontrak. Meaning, you don't have to think about using them. At anong itsura nila?
Non-istriated po. Okay? Non-istriated muscle.
Wala silang mga line, line, line. Straight lang sila yan. Wala silang line, line. Unlike here, oh guys. Mayroong mga istriation o yung mga line, line.
Okay? Next is your cardiac muscle. Of course, cardiac is known as cardiac muscle which forms the walls of the heart.
It forms the wall of the heart. Cardiac muscle is the one responsible for the pumping action of your heart. Now, in cardiac muscle, there are a lot of mitochondria. In our cardiac muscle, there are a lot of mitochondria.
What does mitochondria produce? your atp back it can i know maraming mitochondria saccharide muscle cassie hindi po yan to me tigil not to me book right kailangan maraming energy ng heart natin para makapag pump shower para makapag or para uh makati book shall okay so as you can see is created in po sila is created but unlike satin skeletal mask conti or light lang sa ating cardiac muscle now let's discuss your chronic disorder okay if you say chronic it's been a long time okay it's been a long time in your body or you've been sick for a long time more than six months or more than three months now chronic disorder number one your muscular dystrophy or your md is a hereditary okay hereditary means progressive degenerative disorder that causes is skeletal muscle weakness okay it causes skeletal muscle weakness now an example or the most common md in children in children or your childhood is your the shin dystrophy the shin dystrophy most common in childhood okay affecting mostly male po mga lalaking bata or batang lalaki. So ganito yung itsura nya.
So ito yung regular condition natin. So sa muscle dystrophy, lumiliit or maliit sya. That's why it cannot function properly. Next naman is your myasthenia gravis.
Myasthenia gravis or your MG. is an immunologic disorder characterized by fluctuating weakness especially the facial and external eye muscles. Tignan nyo tong ating pasyente no? Kita nyo hindi po pantay.
One side is mas maliit because of external eye muscle weakness. Ano pa? Ganyan. Hindi niya makontrol yung one side of the face. So signs and symptoms is drooping eyelids.
Drooping eyelids or what we call ptosis. Ptosis or the drooping of eyelids. Ay, mali-mali.
Mali-mali-mali, guys. Sorry, sorry, sorry. Mali yung example ko. Sorry, sorry, sorry.
Ito yung part na yan. This is the affected side. This is the normal.
Sorry, sorry. Asyensya na. So, drooping ibig sabihin, naglo-loy-loy po yung kanyang eyelids.
Okay? Ano pa? Double vision. Okay? Double vision.
Difficulty talking, it's also difficult because it has no control on one side of the mouth. And then difficulty of swallowing as well or what we call dysphagia. Okay, dysphagia or your difficulty swallowing.
So, that's the classic signs of your myasthenia gravis. Next, your fibromyalgia. So, fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread aching. Widespread aching and stiffness of the muscle, soft tissue, fatigue, tenderness, and disordered sleep. Pag sinabi mong widespread, kalat-kalat po sa katawan.
Okay? Ito nga, kalat-kalat siya sa katawan natin. Okay?
Next is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or your ALS, also known as your Loggerig's. Okay? Your Loggerig's disease. Okay? Loggerig's disease.
Ito naman siya si ALS. Fatal. progressive degeneration of the nerve tracts. Ibig sabihin, habang tumatagal, nadedestroy po or nadedamage yung kanyang nerve tracts. O, kumbaga, parang namamatay yung nerve tracts niya.
Okay? Now, pag namatay yung nerve tracts niya, it will lead to your muscular atrophy. Kasi hindi mo na magagalaw ng maayos yan. At kapag ang muscle natin hindi po nagagalaw, lumiliit po yung muscle.
Okay? Lumiliit o nagkakaroon ng atrophy or atrophy. Kapag nag-atrofy siya, nagkakaroon ng muscle shrinking or your muscle wasting. Lumiliit po yan kasi hindi nagagamit. Kung mapapansin niyo yung mga hindi kayang igalaw yung paa niya, yung mga paraplegic patient, makikita niyo payat yung paa nila, di ba?
Mas payat kesa sa mga kamay nila o sa katawan nila because nag-atrofy na po, nag-atrofy na yung muscles nila because of immobility. okay so next cumulative trauma and sports injury so pag sinabi natin cumulative trauma ito po yung repetitive okay repetitive paulit ulit na na-injured sa katawan natin okay and ang example po nyan is your carpal tunnel syndrome your carpal tunnel syndrome carpal saan to nahanap carpal sa ating wrist okay so sa ating wrist meron dyang tunnel dyan in which there is compression okay so in our wrist in our wrist, the nerve the so called median nerve is being compressed why? because you are always using your computer your hand is always bent for example this is your keyboard this is your wrist always bent it means the nerve is being compressed here in the middle So carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful condition of the hand and finger caused by your compression of the median nerve in the wrist.
So let's reduce the use of computers if we don't want to have carpal tunnel syndrome. Next is plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis.
Plantar, where is it? On the foot. On the foot.
So plantar fasciitis and... inflammation of the plantar fascia okay um plantar fascia recovering positive my satin that causes intense pain when walking and running okay intense pain when walking and running so possible causes for nyan due to obesity mashado you can't be heavy, so there are many forces or many heavy things that are You're too heavy, that's why you're straining your plantar fascia. Okay, what else? periods of your weight bearing okay like economic gym Thomas yeah go on and boo boo hot no more BB got of course my big at the new pupa Tessa I think planter fascia that's why not go cosplay and now inflammation and opacity then changes in activity big love it like a long time ago okay next is your hamstring injury so sample my hand up hamstring not in suppose to your tie or so liquid不能 I not in okay now hamstring injury is a strain or tear strain or your tear in one of the hamstring muscle most common in our sprinters or in our track and field your track hardlers your baseball players because they run in running your football players they always use their feet next is your shin splints shin splints refers to your pain and tenderness in the lower leg muscle so panina si hamstring sa thigh si shin naman po sa lower dito po sa ating tibia okay yung buto dyan sa lower leg nyo that is your shin bone okay so pain and tenderness in the lower leg muscle along the shin bone or your tibia following athletic overexertion so lagi kang nagpapractice, lagi lang pinatatakbo, ayan, nagkakaroon po na shin splints.
Next, your paralysis and your paresis. Pag sinabing paralysis, it is the loss of voluntary muscle movement. Ibig sabihin, hindi mo na po nakokontrol ang iyong skeletal muscles.
Okay? Loss of voluntary muscle movement caused by, pwede yung injury or due to disease o sakit. Now, kapag naman incomplete, that is what we call the paresis. paresis.
Sa paralysis na hindi mo na siya makokontrol. Okay? Completely. Hindi mo na siya makokontrol. Sa paresis naman po, partial or incomplete paralysis.
Ibig sabihin, nakokontrol mo pa rin siya pero may weakness. Okay? Weakness.
Nahihirapan kang i-control due to weakness. Examples of your paresis is your hemiparesis. Your hemiparesis. Okay?
Hemiparesis. Hemi means half right. hemi sorry hemi paresis weakness or paralysis affecting one side of the body hemi means half so one side of the body weakness lang sya of one side of the body comparing to your hemi plagia sabi natin kanina si plagia or plagia is your paralysis so hemi half paralysis so total paralysis of one side of the body okay hemiplegia one side of the body.
Ito po siya. Ayan, one side of the body. Next, para, paraplegia.
Okay, paraplegia is the paralysis of both legs, generally the lower trunks. So, pag sinabi yung paraplegia, ang affected po is both of your lower legs. Okay, both or ibig sabihin both o yung dalawa mong paa. Okay, next is quadri. Quad means for right.
Quadriplegia means paralysis of all four extremities so kasama na po yung kamay niya dyan so quadriplegia all four of your extremities and meron din naman monoplegia or monoplegia paralysis of one extremity ibig sabihin isang kamay pwedeng isang kamay pwedeng isang paa or ano man dyan okay basta isa lang po isang kamay o paa lang ang affected that is your Mono, mono means one. Mono, le, cha. Okay? Ayan.
And then, abarabration, na makikita nyo sa muscular system, your ALS, anong sabi natin sa ALS? Your amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, your EMG or your electromyography or electromyogram. FX means fracture.
Your IM means intramuscular. MD. means muscular dystrophy mg means myasthenia gravis your mri magnetic resonance imaging your ncd mean non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug your pt means physical therapy your rice okay the abbreviation rice is stress ice compression and elevation tayo or kapag masakit yung muscle natin. So, kailangan natin i-rest.
Lagyan po natin ng ice. Lagyan ng compression. Yan na yung nilalagay natin yung, ayun tawag natin, elastic band. Tapos, yung elevation. Kailangan po nakataas yung affected na limb natin.
Okay? So, yan yung parang first aid natin sa injury natin. Okay?
And then, yung ROM natin, or your range of motion. Range of motion. now so these are the fun facts about your muscles so your tongue is one of the strongest muscle in your body okay one of the strongest muscle in your body the smallest muscle naman smallest muscle is your stapedius okay stapedius or your stapedius saan po yan nakikita sa my ear po katabi niya ng stapedius so your stapedius also is your smallest bones po.
And then your largest naman, largest muscle, is your gluteus maximus. Your gluteus maximus. Saan naman to nanghanap?
Sa may puwet po natin. Okay? And when you smile, you use around 17 muscles.
Okay? So, keep smiling. Ayan.
So, that's all. Thank you for listening.