Vulture Facts Lecture Notes

Introduction to Vultures

• Vultures are essential to the ecosystem as nature's "clean-up crew."
• Wildlife Center treats 50-60 Black and Turkey Vultures annually.
• Common issues include lead toxicosis, gunshot injuries, and vehicle collisions.

Species Identification

Black Vultures

• Black plumage, bare black heads, and white patches under primary feathers.
• Relies on sight for finding food.
• Distinguished in flight by small white wingtip patches and short tails.

Turkey Vultures

• Mature vultures have dark plumage, red featherless heads; immature have dark gray heads.
• Relies on smell to locate food.
• Wings are silvery-white underneath; longer tails than Black Vultures.

Feeding Habits

• Scavengers that primarily consume carrion, preventing disease spread.
• Stomachs contain enzymes that neutralize toxins and microorganisms.
• Lack powerful raptor feet; have long toes with blunted talons.
• Use of feet differs: Turkey Vultures use feet while eating; Black Vultures do not.
• Hooked bills for tearing food.
• Featherless heads aid in cleanliness.
• Legs are often white from uric acid excrement, aiding in cooling and disinfection.

Behavior Traits

• Horaltic Pose: Wings spread wide in the sun for warming and parasite control.
• Family-oriented: Black Vultures feed young up to 8 months post-fledging.
• Vocalizations include hisses and grunts; lack a voice box.
• Name origins: "Vulture" from Latin "vellere" (to pluck/tear); Turkey Vulture's scientific name means "golden purifier."
• Life expectancy up to 25 years.

Conservation and Support

• Historically seen as beneficial; attitudes shifted in the 1900s.
• Concerns about disease spread despite evidence showing oppositely.
• Public appreciation and education can aid vulture conservation.
• Support efforts to reduce lead toxicosis to protect vultures and eagles.
• Donations assist in expert care for vultures and other animals at the Wildlife Center.

Watch UNTAMED Episode on Vultures

Learn more about lead toxicosis