Overview
This segment covers topical, rectal, vaginal, ophthalmic, and otic routes of medication administration, highlighting their uses and the benefits of advanced delivery systems.
Topical Administration
- Topical administration involves applying medication externally to the skin.
- Absorption occurs in mucous membranes with minimal entry into the bloodstream.
- Used for localized skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or minor wounds.
- Examples include Tretinoin, Tazorac, and azelaic acid.
Rectal Administration
- Rectal administration delivers medication via the rectum, for local or systemic effects.
- Useful for patients unable to take oral medications (vomiting, swallowing issues).
- Treats conditions such as hemorrhoids and inflammatory bowel disease.
- Common medications include suppositories and laxatives like Dulcolax.
Vaginal Administration
- Vaginal administration involves placing medications directly into the vaginal canal.
- Used for local infections or systemic reproductive conditions.
- Forms include solutions, suppositories, ointments, suspensions, and gels.
- Commonly used for contraceptives like NuvaRing.
Ophthalmic and Otic Administration
- Ophthalmic administration delivers medication to the eyes as solutions or suspensions.
- Used for eye infections, glaucoma, or dryness.
- Otic administration delivers medication to the ear, usually for infections, inflammation, or wax removal.
Advanced Delivery Systems
- Implants and transdermal patches provide controlled, steady medication release.
- Implants deliver medication directly to the action site, reducing side effects.
- Vaginal rings like NuvaRing release medication monthly for contraception.
- Transdermal patches (e.g., Fentanyl) avoid gastrointestinal side effects and ensure consistent absorption.
- Both systems improve patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Topical Administration — applying medication on the skin for local effect.
- Rectal Administration — insertion of medication into the rectum.
- Vaginal Administration — insertion of medication into the vagina.
- Ophthalmic Administration — application of medication to the eye.
- Otic Administration — application of medication to the ear.
- Implants — devices placed in the body for continuous drug release.
- Transdermal Patches — adhesive patches that deliver drugs through the skin.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review examples of medications for each administration route.
- Understand indications and contraindications for each delivery system.