hello everyone again Welcome to our CH course understanding the self so this is your olc Chan ailing so after our discussion of course as Learners you are expected to discover the meaning of anthropology explain how anthropologists do what they do then lastly compare the differences of anthropology with other disciplines so what is anthropology So when you say anthropology this is the investigation of the natural and Social Development and various people over a significant time span so that could be from past to present now this is also the study of the that aims to look at the differences and similarities of individuals so anthropology 62 is study describe the history of people from past to present or it could be the way of life the culture of people so what do anthropologists do so anthropologists aim to clarify describe and explain reality as they make tests and hypothesize about the evolution of humans so how humans develop through time okay is also a focus of what this uh Anthropologist do in anthropology now let us move on on the development of anthropology anthropology is a relatively new field of inquiry that has developed in recent times human interaction started a time ago reasons for contact varies it can be for trade or barter acquiring land property extension or power or even a spreading religion the study of anr ology deals with the similarities and differences of these connections so as I made mention a while ago it's through anthropology that we can also go back okay to the past and be able to study human beings through time from past to present be able to know the culture the way of life of people through time and also learn from the past and be able to adopt or maybe develop all this things things okay to the present time so it's into the study of the similarities and differences of all this connections now we have here the anthropological perspectives so this is a basic tenet of anthropology and the basic tenant of anthropology would be culture so culture should be perceived in a vast context to comprehend the interconnected Ness and interdependence of humans so this perspective would allow people to understand appreciate and respect different cultures so this is one of the basic uh tenant okay that uh should be studied in anthropology which is culture the way of life of people and be able to of course learn from their culture respect their culture now here are the subfields of anthropology so first we have physical second we have archaeological third we have listic fourth we have cultural then lastly we have applied so the first one is physical anthropology So Physical anthropology is sometimes referred to as the biological anthropology and this deals with the advancement and assorted variety of individual uals so this is also focus on studying fossils and remains okay fossils are remains of both human and nonhumans so it could be humans and animals or other species to understand and provide answers to the biological evolution of species so it's true physical anthropology that we can also learn is study human and non-human species the EV ution okay of the species okay and of course try to look into the development of how uh they evolve okay through time so you call that as physical anthropology so it focuses more on the tangible for example the bones okay could be used in physical anthropology and be able to study it and then learn how this particular species or creature was uh developed through time now they work also comprehensively on this three noteworthy issues so for uh physical Anthropologist they work on human and nonhuman primate advancement so as I made mention the evolution of man the evolution of nonhuman uh creatures or species then we have also significance of human race and its advancement so maybe the way of life okay or how the people live okay through time then lastly the natural basis of human conduct even the behavior of humans can be studied through physical anthropology second we have archaeology so Arch ology is focus on the study of material remains in an attempt to describe the behavior of humans so it studies material remains in order to describe and explain human behavior so if we would like to know the behavior of men through time from past to present then it's through archaeology that we can also do it and be able to describe the behavior of humans based on this artifacts may be made made or uh it could be the The Remains okay that were excavated or the data gathered okay from all this excavations third we have linguistic anthropology so this is based on the word itself linguistic okay so that would mean language so this field of anthropology aims to study different human languages it is an attempt to give a description to a language focusing for example on the way sentence Es are constructed and this also aims to discover the history and evolution of language and how language is used to convey messages in different cultural settings for example the alibata being written on a piece of or scrap of wood maybe okay that could be used in linguistic anthropology or it could be the Hebrew sentences messages written or uh carve or engrave on stones or rocks okay during the earlier times that they were able to discover okay at present time fourth we have cultural anthropology so cultural anthropology focuses on the study of various forms of human behavior human thoughts and human feelings as it aims to discover different patterns and its subp parts focuses on ethnology and E ography now cultural anthropology from the word cultural okay then it means that this focuses on the study of the culture okay so how the people in a certain Society or Community Live their lives so maybe the Anthropologist would look into the pattern okay of how they were able to survive how they were able to live okay true time now in order for us to understand this uh kind of anthropology further then let's Define culture So when you say culture this is a society's shared and learned ideas values and perceptions which are used to make sense of experience and which generate behavior and are reflected in that culture so it is a society's way of life so to simplify it means our way of life how we live our life that is already culture now in order for us or for the Anthropologist to study culture of course they do also field workor so sometimes referred to as location search whereby the method of investigating Culture by direct participation by studying and immersing in the day-to-day life of the people so for this people to study culture of this group of communities then they have to immerse okays so do immersion try to experience their way of living how they uh survive every day okay so that is true fieldwork now how about ethnology now in ethnology this is the study and Analysis of various cultures from a comparative and or historical Viewpoint using ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological principles that would Aid in explaining similarities and or differences between groups of people now in ethnology from the word ethnic okay so the Anthropologist would look into the similarities and differences of the ethnicities of people or the ethnic groups let's say for example how the culture okay would differ with that of the igorots and with that of the eugal okay so that can be an example for ethnology now how about cultural resource management so this one is a branch of archaeology connected with government strategies for the safety of cultural resources that usually involves surveys and excavations of archaeological and or historical sites or remains that is a threat with the Advent of structural innovation s or redevelopments or developments I should say now this one is connected with the government where in the role of the government is if there would be an excavation in a certain area or a community maybe then they have to make sure okay that the people there are safe and protected during the excavation or during that particular project wherein uh there would be excavation for them to study fossils maybe or remains or anything that they could get from that particular location then the fifth one applied anthropology so this one okay it focuses on the actions okay so in other words uh the applied anthropology is anthropology okay in action so this is characterized by utilizing and applying different techniques and hypothesis of anthropology for the benefits of society so as they do certain movement certain project in a particular area then this project should benefit okay the society it should benefit the people that's why it's called applied anthropology now how do Anthropologist do what they do so let's find out so anthropologists do what they do okay by first of course they use it as an approach to Humanities so anthropology can also be used as an approach or a technique in Humanities so let find out later on then second anthropology as an approach to science then lastly the comparative method now let's take a look at this one by one now anthropology as one of the humanities it says here that the rounded and comparative standpoint of anthropology has directed to many insights on human downsides and accomplishments flaws and magnitude that allows us to think about the shared involvement of Being Human so in other words anthropology as part or as one of the humanities can happen okay through the achievements it's through the outputs results okay of this uh process in anthropology let's say for example a particular piece of art that was excavated or that was uh maybe uh uh got from this particular period of time in the past okay so that is already okay uh a form of uh an art okay so which is still under Humanities wherein there is this involvement of Being Human that during those earlier times maybe uh the people there were very creative and artistic now how about anthropology as a science so as a science the view of anthropologist being empirical in nature which is based on human observation of the environment rather than relying on faith or intuition so since science okay then basically the method would be the human observation so they would just simply observe how the people live okay in that particular area in that location okay then then try to study it be able to come up with their hypothesis maybe assumption they would conclude out of this observation that they did now in order for them to do the observation method or uh use anthropology in science or as an science yeah so let's try to Define first okay this terms used in science first we have Theory a theory is ad just ification of natural phenomena held by a Dependable data so as they do it in science of course if they are into the study of man okay and man's behavior then this can also be done to through Theory wherein the gathered data the gathered remains maybe fossils okay from the past okay could serve as a data and then out of this data then they have to come up with a theory then we have also hypothesis so hypothesis is a cous description of the relative connectedness between certain phenomena so they would hypothesize out of this gathered fossils remains or anything that they were able to gather from the pest or come up with an assumption based from this gathered data now how about comparative method so Anthropologist comparative method in utili in utilizing okay the scientific methods okay of other uh scientists okay they would use the uh hypothesis in order for them to arrive with this at proposed theorist so this is done by making comparisons between people examining their past and present culture or by comparing related species through their remains or fossils so comparative method basically uses also other techniques used by other scientists and then this techniques would be uh applied okay it would it it would be applied in order for them to come up with their hypothesis or assumption out of this gathered data okay and be able to come up okay with the uh explanation of this Theory maybe okay so that's how they do the comparative method so from the term itself comparative method so they would just simply look into the similarities okay or maybe the differences okay maybe try to describe past with that of the present okay so that's how they do it now how does anthropology compare to other disciplines so anthropology is concentrated on interconnectedness and interdependence of human experience in the past or present so I keep on mentioning about past and present or past or present a while ago so that's anthropology okay so you look into the history so you go back okay uh at the past and then try to study it through time then at present so this holistic approach enable Anthropologist to understand and deal with the issue of globalization so let's try to see how anthropology is really related with that of globalization So when you say globalization it speaks about the interconnectedness of humans in a worldwide setting so it's Global so it is evidence in global activities related to Natural Resources human employment investment or economics data or information communicable diseases and trade properties the forces that drive globalization nowadays are technological in nature so when I say globalization a good example of this would be the building of Highways or roads or it could be the bridges so that we can be able to travel from one place from one uh Nation to another okay so that's globalization or it could be the process of Import and Export or exchange of products or it could be exchange of man power now in order for us to end this session okay I have here a quote from Clyde Clon so it says here anthropology holds up a great mirror to man and lets him look at himself in his infinite variety so in other words okay it's through anthropology also that we can be able to learn our history our identity okay that's why it's also important that anthropology is really included as part of understanding of our selves and that ends our session so I do hope that you were able to get something or you learn many things from this topic anthropology