Overview
This article explains the function, components, and correct use of an Ambu bag (bag-valve-mask) during CPR and emergency care. It provides step-by-step guidance on using Ambu bags to deliver effective ventilation in critical situations.
What is an Ambu Bag?
- An Ambu bag is a hand-held device used to manually provide breaths to patients who are not breathing or breathing inadequately.
- Also known as a bag-valve-mask (BVM) device or manual resuscitator.
- Used in emergencies such as cardiac arrest, choking, drowning, or during patient transport.
Components of the Ambu Bag
- The bag is flexible and self-inflating, used to deliver air or oxygen to the patient.
- The face mask creates a tight seal over the patient's nose and mouth.
- The valve system ensures air flows in the correct direction and prevents rebreathing.
- Optional PEEP valve maintains airway pressure and prevents alveolar collapse.
- Oxygen reservoir stores supplemental oxygen for consistent delivery.
- Connectors and tubing provide flexibility to attach to oxygen sources or accessories.
Uses of Ambu Bags
- Used during cardiac arrest, severe asthma attacks, drug overdoses, and trauma cases.
- Provides manual ventilation during anesthesia or patient transport when mechanical ventilators are unavailable.
- Essential equipment in hospitals, ambulances, and emergency medical settings.
When to Use an Ambu Bag
- For patients with apnea (not breathing) or inadequate breathing.
- During CPR in cardiac arrest.
- In emergencies like drowning, choking, or overdose.
- During transport when advanced ventilation equipment is absent.
PEEP Valve Function
- PEEP valve keeps pressure in the lungs at end-exhalation to prevent alveolar collapse.
- Enhances oxygenation and improves patient outcomes in respiratory distress.
- Adjustable for individualized patient needs.
How the Ambu Bag Works
- The bag is compressed to push air into the lungs via a one-way valve and mask.
- After compression, the bag refills automatically with ambient air or oxygen.
- Exhaled air exits through a separate valve to prevent carbon dioxide rebreathing.
How to Perform CPR with an Ambu Bag
- Ensure the airway is open using appropriate maneuvers.
- Place the mask firmly over the nose and mouth for a secure seal.
- Deliver breaths by compressing the bag, watching for chest rise (one-second per breath).
- For adults: 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths; for children/infants: 15 compressions to 2 breaths if two rescuers.
- Continue until the patient breathes or advanced help arrives.
Importance of Ambu Bags in Emergency Care
- Delivers immediate ventilation to prevent brain damage.
- Usable in various settings due to portability and ease of use.
- Features like PEEP valves and oxygen reservoirs support management of complex cases.
- Can be employed by healthcare professionals and trained lay rescuers.
FAQs About Ambu Bags
- "AMBU" stands for Artificial Manual Breathing Unit.
- Trained professionals and lay rescuers can use Ambu bags with proper instruction.
- Ambu bags are generally reusable after cleaning and disinfecting.
- Also called manual resuscitator or bag-valve-mask (BVM).
- Standard CPR ratio: 30 compressions to 2 breaths for adults; 15:2 for children/infants if two rescuers.