hey guys jamir welcome back to our echocardiography bridges review feel free to pause the video after i ask the question give them time to answer it before i answer it let's dive in listening what does this waveform represent a pulse's paradoxes b electrical alternates c valvular inflow respirations or d process alternance the answer is a pulse's paradoxes what is the most common cause of cardiac tamponade a malignancy b pericardial infection c idiopathic or d genetics the answer is c idiopathic and idiopathic means that the cause of a disease is unknown which best describes what a xenograft is made from a fascilata b cow c dura mater or d other humans the answer is b cal which is used first during a chemical stress test to evaluate low-grade aortic stenosis a amyl nitrate b adenosine c-dobutamine or d-atropine the answer is c dobutamine click on the right coronary artery the rca is right here so anywhere along here is correct patients who have a pseudo-aortic stenosis with a causal link of what asystolic dysfunction b systemic hypertension see left ventricular hypertrophy or deep pulmonic stenosis the answer is a systolic dysfunction what does this waveform represent a pulse is paradoxes b pulses by geminus postal specifics or deposit alternates the answer is b pulses by geminis what is the most common cause of cardiomyopathy a genetics b hypertension c idiopathic or d aortic stenosis the answer is c idiopathic what is the most common cause of an infiltration of the left ventricle with restrictive pathology a genetics b sarcoidosis c idiopathic or d amyloidosis the answer is d amyloidosis what more commonly develops after a myocardial infarction a ventricular septal defect b pericardial effusion c arrhythmia or d aneurysm the answer is c arrhythmia what does this waveform represent a pulses paradoxes b pulses by geminus c pulses bispharians or d poses alternates the answer is c pulses perspirants what type of artifact is caused by a saint jude bi-leaflet mechanical valve a comatel b acoustic enhancement seed reverberation or deep ring down the answer is c reverberation what is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension a genetics b tricuspid regurgitation c idiopathic or deep pulmonic stenosis the answer is c idiopathic and again idiopathic means that the cause of the disease is unknown what does this waveform represent a pulse's paradoxes the electrical alternates c valvular info variations or the pulses alternates the answer is d pulses alternates what causes color speckle artifacts during an echocardiogram a high grade stenosis b valvular calcification see low attenuating areas or d high color gain the answer is d high color gain drag and drop the letter x on the innominate artery so this image is pretty tricky because the innominate artery or the brachiocephalic artery is right here then this is the left common carotid artery and this is the left subclavian artery this is just an artifact the left subclavian artery doesn't start this low on the aortic arch let's put it right there what does this waveform demonstrate a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy b cardiac tamponade c left and trigger systolic dysfunction or d aortic regurgitation the answer is b cardiac tamponade and this waveform is postus paradoxes an ivc claw is more commonly caused by what a angiosarcoma b renal cell carcinoma c idiopathic or d familial the answer is b renal cell carcinoma anytime you hear the word familial that's the same thing as genetics or something that was passed down from your parents what does this waveform demonstrate a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy b cardiac tamponade c left ventricular systolic dysfunction or d aortic regurgitation the answer is a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and this boyfriend represents postures by geminus which is not a limitation in the psychocardiogram a measuring left atrial size be measuring peak gradients c evaluating mitral regurgitation or de-evaluating diastolic function this patient has a mechanical aortic valve which will make a heart based on this ultrasound makes it hard to measure the left atrial size because once we go to the apical 4 chamber view you can see that there are artifacts here inside the left atrium so it'd be hard to measure the size the correct size of the left atrium it will also be hard to measure or evaluate mitral regurgitation from other artifacts evaluating diastolic function is out of the question but you can get accurate peak gradients what is the most common cause of systemic hypertension a aortic stenosis b left ventricular hypertrophy c idiopathic or d genetic the answer is c idiopathic what is the most common mechanical complication that develops after a myocardial infarction a ventricular septus defect b pericardial effusion c arrhythmia or d aneurysm the answer is d aneurysm so pay attention to the wording of each question because this is saying the most common mechanical complication the most common complication is definitely an arrhythmia but the most common mechanical complication is an aneurysm if any of you have any questions about your upcoming echo boards feel free to reach out to me on ultrasoundboardview gmail.com or you can proceed texture call at 435 922 165. if you're looking for extra study material go to my website by typing in google ultrasound board review click at the top here click enter the past zone scroll down until you see echocardiography mock exams click on that scroll down and then click subscribe i'm jim with ultrasoundboardview.com thank you so much for watching we'll see you next time you