Overview
This lecture covers the events and significance of the Tennis Court Oath on June 20, 1789, a pivotal moment during the early French Revolution when the National Assembly pledged not to separate until a constitution was established.
Background to the Event
- The National Assembly was locked out of their usual meeting hall by armed men.
- No alternative location was provided to the Assembly by the authorities.
- The Assembly President, Bailly, and members only learned of this via unofficial letters and public posters.
- Members were forced to convene in a nearby indoor tennis court to continue their work.
The Deliberation and Decision
- M. Mounier, supported by Target, Chapelier, and Barnave, highlighted the insult to the Assembly’s rights and the threat of royal intrigue.
- The situation was seen as an attack on the Assembly’s dignity and an attempt to disrupt their constitutional work.
- There was unanimous support among members to take a collective stand.
The Tennis Court Oath
- The National Assembly declared its purpose was to establish a constitution, regenerate order, and uphold monarchy principles.
- They vowed not to let any circumstance prevent their deliberations and declared the Assembly exists wherever its members are present.
- All members swore a solemn oath never to separate and to meet wherever necessary until the constitution was completed.
- The president and secretaries took the oath first, followed by all members, who confirmed their pledge by signing.
Key Terms & Definitions
- National Assembly — The representative body formed by the Third Estate to enact constitutional change in France.
- Tennis Court Oath — The pledge by the National Assembly not to disband until a new constitution was established.
- Constitution — The fundamental laws and principles that govern a nation.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the text of the Tennis Court Oath for key phrases.
- Understand the context and consequences for the early stages of the French Revolution.