How America Developed Two Sign Languages: One White, One Black

Context

• The article discusses the development of two distinct sign languages in America: one used predominantly by White communities and another by Black communities.
• This linguistic division is a relic of segregation but has evolved into a form of cultural solidarity.

Key Points

Historical Segregation

• Segregation in America historically extended to educational institutions, including schools for the deaf.
• Black deaf students were often educated separately from White students, leading to the development of different sign languages.
• This resulted in the divergence of Black American Sign Language (BASL) from the standard American Sign Language (ASL).

Linguistic Features

• Facial Expressions and Gestures: Interpreters, like Felecia Redd, adjust facial expressions and gestures to reflect the emotional and vocal style of speakers, indicating a more dynamic style in BASL.
• Cultural Significance: BASL incorporates elements that reflect the Black cultural experience, which can include unique signs and expressive gestures.

Modern Implications

• Despite its origins in segregation, BASL is now considered a symbol of cultural identity and pride.
• The language diversity within the deaf community highlights broader discussions about race and identity in the United States.

Social and Cultural Significance

• BASL plays a crucial role in maintaining cultural identity among Black deaf individuals.
• The ongoing use and development of BASL emphasize the importance of recognizing and preserving linguistic diversity.

Conclusion

• The evolution of BASL from a product of segregation to a proud cultural identifier demonstrates the adaptability and resilience of language.
• There is a continued need to address racial disparities and enhance understanding between different communities, including those within the deaf community.