Class 11 Chemistry: Properties of Matter and Their Measurements

Introduction

• Topic: Properties of Matter and Their Measurements
• Previously covered: Introduction, classification, and nature of matter

Types of Properties of Matter

1. Physical Properties
   • Definition: Can be measured and observed without changing the composition of matter
   • Examples:
     • Color
     • Odor
     • Boiling point
     • Density
     • Volume
2. Chemical Properties
   • Definition: Observed during a chemical change; composition of matter changes
   • Example: When a chalk piece (calcium carbonate) undergoes reaction, it changes composition

Measurement of Physical Properties

• Measurement System: SI system
• Seven Base Physical Quantities:
  1. Mass (m)
     • Unit: Kilogram (kg)
  2. Length (l)
     • Unit: Meter (m)
  3. Time (t)
     • Unit: Seconds (s)
  4. Electric Current (I)
     • Unit: Ampere (A)
  5. Thermodynamic Temperature
     • Unit: Kelvin (K)
  6. Amount of Substance
     • Unit: Mole (mol)
  7. Luminous Intensity
     • Unit: Candela (cd)

Derived Physical Quantities

1. Volume
   • Unit: Meter cube (m³)
   • Common Unit: Liter (L)
   • Conversions:
     • 1 Liter = 1000 mL = 1000 cm³ = 1 dm³
2. Density (d)
   • Definition: Mass per unit volume
   • Unit: kg/m³ (common: g/cm³)
3. Temperature
   • Scales: Degree Centigrade (°C), Degree Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin (K)
   • Conversions:
     • °F = (9/5)°C + 32
     • K = °C + 273
4. Pressure
   • Definition: Force per unit area
   • SI Unit: Newton per meter square (N/m²)
   • Units: atm, torr (mm Hg)
   • Conversions:
     • 1 atm = 101325 Pascals = 760 torr

Prefixes in SI System

• Common Prefixes:
  • Deci (d): 10⁻¹
  • Centi (c): 10⁻²
  • Milli (m): 10⁻³
  • Micro (µ): 10⁻⁶
  • Nano (n): 10⁻⁹
  • Pico (p): 10⁻¹²
  • Femto (f): 10⁻¹⁵
• Large Numbers:
  • Kilo (k): 10³
  • Mega (M): 10⁶
  • Giga (G): 10⁹
  • Tera (T): 10¹²
  • Peta (P): 10¹⁵

Importance of Units and Conversions

• Units and conversions are essential for solving problems in chemistry and physics

Conclusion

• Topic to be covered in the next video: Scientific Notation

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