Unit 4 Review - AP U.S. History

Time Period: 1800-1848

Main Themes

• Expanding role of the United States in world affairs
• Transformation of society and economy
• Growing democratic impulses

Key Events and Topics

Election of 1800

• Thomas Jefferson elected
• Ongoing debates between Democratic-Republicans and Federalists
• Main debates: relations with foreign powers and scope of federal power

Foreign Relations

• Barbary Pirates: Jefferson opposed paying bribes; led to naval conflict

Federal Power

• Democratic-Republicans: Strict constructionists, restrict federal power
• Federalists: Loose constructionists, flexible federal power

Louisiana Purchase

• Jefferson's constitutional crisis over land acquisition
• Justified by removing Indians, cutting European influence
• Exploration by Lewis and Clark, Zebulun Pike

Supreme Court Decisions

• Marbury vs. Madison (1803): Established judicial review
• McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819): Federal law trumps state law

War of 1812

• Causes: Ship seizures, Indian resistance, impressment
• Party lines: Democrats for, Federalists against
• Hartford Convention: Federalist opposition, hint at secession
• Consequences: Nationalism, End of Federalist Party, "Era of Good Feelings"

Economic Policies

• American System by Henry Clay
  • Internal improvements, protective tariffs, Second Bank of the U.S.
• Regional tensions: Internal improvements vetoed by Madison

Missouri Compromise (1820)

• Missouri as slave state, Maine as free state
• 36°30′ line separates slave and free territories

U.S. on the World Stage

• Treaties establishing northern and southern borders
• Monroe Doctrine (1823): U.S. sphere of influence, free from European influence

Market Revolution

• Linking northern industries with western and southern farms
• Advances in technology and transportation (cotton gin, steamboats, canals, railroads)
• Social changes: Immigration, urbanization, class shifts, role of women

Expansion of Democracy

• Panic of 1819: Call for franchise
• Growth of political parties, Election of 1824 corruption
• Andrew Jackson's presidency: Tariffs, nullification crisis, veto of Second Bank
• Indian Removal Act (1830): Trail of Tears

Cultural and Social Movements

• Transcendentalism: Emerson, Thoreau, reform movements
• Second Great Awakening: Revivalism, societal reform
• Abolition Movement: Garrison's Liberator, American Anti-Slavery Society
• Women's Rights: Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

Southern Society

• Plantation economy, slave labor, fear of uprisings
• Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831): Increased fear and harsher restrictions

• Review this material for a comprehensive understanding of Unit 4 in AP U.S. History.