okay welcome to part three of this presentation and this is the last section that we're going to cover over food labels and then in the final recording we'll talk more about dietary guidelines in my plate so first off label claims so in addition to what we've already learned with the numbers that are on an actual food container there's also words and phrases that can be incorporated and to give you a bit of history on this back in the 1980s Kelloggs the the brand had an all Brin cereal uh which they still have all Brin but what they decided to do is put a phrase on their packaging which suggested that eating this cereal would give you enough fiber to where you could manage your weight what do you know it flew off the shelves so just that statement in and of itself that high amount of fiber can help manage someone's weight it brought more sales to them and that really opened the floodgates for a wide array of claims out there so in 1990 we had legislation passed that put some limits on claims where now there's three different types of claims you see them all listed here and there's specific uh criteria that have to be met for that claim to be put on the label so it's a bit more regulated now what what is the ultimate purpose of these well bottom line promote that product right get you to purchase it so it's marketing at its finest uh keep in mind these Health claims structure function or nutrient content claims these are not mandatory this is something that the manufacturer can decide to put on their labels if they wish to do so so that can get a little bit confusing because you might have some companies that decide not to put these on there and some that do so let's take a look look at these Health claims are First Health claims are claims that describe a relationship between disease and a nutrient okay so that's a key thing to remember they're describing the relationship between this particular nutrient so in this case on our figure soluble fiber and then disease which in this case we're looking at cholesterol levels so these are very um strong claims if you will and as a result they do have to comply with strict regulations there's actually only about 12 claims that have approved to be a quote Health claim you see a couple others here on the side with calcium and soy protein uh the soluble fiber one is is a common one that you'll find on cereals like oats as well as these Cheerios your textbook goes into some detail on this there's actually three subcategories of Health claims based on how much research is out there there to support it you don't need to remember all of those uh you'll see them in the book but ultimately I want you to understand what is the health claim and it's a claim that's looking at a nutrient and a disease and these are strongly supported by science so we know these things to be true if you will they've been shown time and time again in research settings so that's a health claim the next one is a structure function claim so these are not as strong as health claims uh they don't address a health condition they're basically alluding to how a nutrient acts in the body so instead of saying a diet with enough calcium May reduce your risk of osteoporosis we're just saying calcium builds strong bones and then if we're the food company we're hoping that you take that next step and assume that hey this is good for osteoporosis but we are just putting those few words there the fiber example is another one there uh these are unlike Health claims in that they don't need to be approved by the FDA so we can put these on our food packaging without having to go through that whole approval process however we have to put on our label this disclaimer and you see this here you'll find this a lot on supplements as well as some foods this product is not intended to diagnose treat care prevent any disease so we're basically saying hey calcium is going to build strong bones but we're not saying that this is going to this product is going to help you treat your osteoporosis or cure any condition so that's the disclaimer there so next time you have a supplement bottle in front of you whether it's dietary uh or whether it's vitamin D or whether it's uh calcium supplement or something like that check to see what claims are put on there and then also check for that disclaimer that you'll find okay so first off Health claims scientific strength there in terms of the research structure function we're just basically stating what a nutrient can do in the body and leaving it at that so we're not taking it a step further in terms of disease prevention or treatment and then finally the nutrient content claims these are claims about a particular nutrient a food contains or does not contain in essence so for example you've heard of the terms fat-free or lowfat reduced fat those are all legal definitions so if we were a food company and we want to put low fat on our product then we need to make sure that our food has less than 3 gram of fat per serving so I'd like you to pause me for a second and and look through this table see how it's set up and see if you can navigate it if you will so if I said what is I mean to be low in sodium could you find that based on this table so just pause me for just a few seconds here all right so when we look at the first two columns free and low these are usually referring to these nutrients fat all the way down to Sugar reduced or light these are often comparing to the original version so if we had reduced fat or reduced sodium then we're comparing that amount to the original and we by definition have to have 25% fewer whether it's fat or sodium milligrams or whatnot light is similar so if it's light it's about 50% less calories also same with sodium so these two columns on the right are more looking at comparisons whereas these two free and low are just giving the definition of what we are going to find in that food down here at the bottom they also have a few other terms so for example high in vitamin C or excellent source of vitamin C we're going to know that that food contains at least 20% of the daily value so remember back to that daily value that's overall the 2,000 calorie diet so if we ate or let's say it's orange juice we drank a cup of orange juice has this term excellent source of vitamin C then we know that we've consumed about 20% % of our needs for vitamin C that day basing it on our average 2,000 calorie diet good source similar so good source of vitamin C it's not going to have 20% but it's going to have a good 10 to 19% and then if we add anything to that food then we can say that we have done so so more calcium more potassium all right so make sure you feel somewhat comfortable navigating these so if you are and you'll see these on your homework questions as well as on the the study modules they'll ask you some of these to get you some practice with them I have one slide from your book and then I've got a few slides of an activity to show you next I like this figure because it walks you through the soup example with sodium so on the right we have our original chicken noodle soup there is no content claim on here just says easy to pop top and if we were to look at the label it actually has about 900 Mig of sodium FYI we need about 2300 per day so one serving is a lot of sodium so here in the middle Campbell has created a product that is less in sodium so by definition it has to have 25% or greater if they wanted less sodium than the classic version so this one just to give you some reference this was about about 450 mg of sodium and then our final one here this is low sodium so by definition based on our previous slide if we look at that low sodium has to have less than 140 millgram in a serving so this is how you as a consumer can navigate these claims a bit I personally recommend for you to also just look at the nutrition facts panel because it will it will give you a very quick comparison in that manner all right so let's explore this a little bit I've created a few slides here of some foods and I'd like you to take a second and pause me throughout this process and see what type of claim is being portrayed so we've talked about health claims those are the science-based rigorous ones structure function or the nutrient content so what about Jeff well I think this one's pretty easy reduce fat right so this is an example of a nutrient content claim and by definition reduced fat GIF is going to have 25% less fat than regular GIF all right let's have a few more here so I've circled down there what to look for all right so this is going to be our health claim so this is a strong statement 25 G of soy protein reduce the risk of heart disease so we're saying this nutrient and this condition so that's an example of a health claim here's another one for you we actually have two here so see if you can identify two of them well we have a structure function claim omega3 supports brain health so that's giving an idea of the function of that nutrient in the body and the other one here is that reduced fat so again by definition we can look up to see what does reduced fat mean I bet you never thought you would know all this about a food package right here is some pudding so notice fat free write it big letters here so we know that person serving it's going to contain less than half a gram of fat it can contain point4 G but it has to by definition have less than half a gram of fat all right more here I don't even know that this would be a good food but a sugar-free Oreo so another example of a nutrient content claim so by definition less than half a gram of sugar per serving so keep in mind if you ate 15 of these you're not you're you're getting in sugar at that point because it will start adding up even though it's less than half a gram per let's say one or two cookies and then finally here's our vanilla yogurt this is an example of a health claim so we're saying calcium and osteoporosis so we're linking those two things together all right so I hope that you feel good about looking at food next time you're in your kitchen or at the grocery store take a look at some of these claims whether they're these particular claims or whether they are the nutrition facts panel ones that we looked at the daily values know a lot more about this stuff than you did a few weeks ago so good job the last section of my presentation I'll be finishing up chapter two with information about the dietary guidelines as well as my plate so I'll see you in a bit we