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Spanish Present Tense Conjugation

Sep 5, 2025

Overview

This lesson explains how to conjugate present tense ER and IR verbs in Spanish, highlighting the steps and differences from AR verbs.

Types of Spanish Verbs

  • Spanish verbs fall into three groups: AR, ER, and IR verbs, based on their endings.
  • The verb's ending determines which set of conjugation endings to use.

Steps to Conjugate ER and IR Verbs

  • Step 1: Create a "verb house" (a chart) for organizing conjugations.
  • Step 2: Add subject pronouns (yo, tú, él/ella/Ud., nosotros, vosotros, ellos/ellas/Uds.) to each section.
  • Step 3: Remove (chop off) the ER or IR ending from the infinitive verb.
  • Step 4: Write the verb stem (base word) in each section of the verb house.
  • Step 5: Attach the correct ER or IR endings to each base word based on the subject pronoun.

Present Tense Endings for ER and IR Verbs

  • ER verb endings: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en
  • IR verb endings: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en
  • The only difference between ER and IR endings is in the "nosotros" and "vosotros" forms.

Practice Examples

  • Comer ("to eat") is an ER verb; use ER endings.
  • Vivir ("to live") is an IR verb; use IR endings.
  • Always confirm the verb type before conjugating.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Infinitive — the base form of a verb (e.g., comer, vivir) before conjugation.
  • Conjugate — to change a verb form to match the subject and tense.
  • Verb Ending — the last two letters of a verb indicating its type (-ar, -er, -ir).
  • Verb Stem/Base Word — the part of the verb left after removing the ending.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Conjugate the given ER and IR verbs on your guided notes sheet.
  • Review which endings correspond to each verb type before conjugating.
  • Rewatch the lesson video and prepare any questions for class.