I thought we'd start this video again by returning to the kallenberger farming family in the last video we looked at what workers for doing so in this picture what dad's role and how a dad's life would have changed from 1933 to 1939 in this next video I'd really like to actually look at a different group of people I'd like to look at what happened to women between 1933 and 9:9 if you remember I said that we can split the Nazi era into two periods pre-war and war and in these set of videos were looking at the changing lives of the German people we're looking at workers women young people and persecuted groups today I'd like to focus on women and the big question we're going to look at is did the Nazis create a Volks Gemeinschaft which if you remember from last video was a people's community did the Nazis create a people's community for German women now the Nazis had quite curious views about women and unsurprisingly quite traditionalist quite conservative quite right-wing B's about women and the easiest way of working out what Nazis viewed women were or what they wanted women to be like is by looking at propaganda paintings and posters in this picture here really famous painting from the Nazi era by Wolfgang Ullrich this is the Aryan family and in it you can see the woman is centered in the middle of this image now this image to me tells you everything about what the Nazis wanted for German women and to summarize that really simply they wanted women to be traditional German mothers traditional German mothers and this has really really summed up in a quote from gurbles at the time and Goebbels said that the mission of the woman is to be beautiful and to bring children into the world the female bird pretties herself for a mate and hatches the eggs for him this is a sexist view of women and they wanted women to be at home and they wanted women to be looking after the children now let's look a little bit more depth at what a traditional German mother was according to the Nazis because some of these things I think you're going to find are quite surprising they thought that women should not smoke they thought that smoking led to miscarriages and as a result they encouraged German women to not smoke at the time they thought German women shouldn't wear makeup it wasn't what traditional German women did and they thought it was an Americanism to wear makeup so they encouraged women to not wear makeup they thought that women should wear traditional German clothes like this ladies wearing in this picture they thought women should work in the kitchen and make food for their children and their Aryan husbands they said what women should be strong and if you notice when you look at Nazi propaganda German women are always presented as quite bulky they're never tiny petite women they're always quite curvy and they thought this was important because those women were the best for bearing children and they also thought women should join the National Socialist or the Nazis women League and that women's Nazi Women's League had two million members by 1938 it ran training courses and cooking and cleaning now the big question I'm hoping you're already asking yourself is well why did they want this why did they want women to be at home and produce children and the really simple answer is that they thought they basically wanted more Aryans they wanted more Aryans to build up their Aryan country and an Aryan race and their Aryan army and they thought if they encouraged women to have more children then they would get more babies and those more babies and they would produce this Aryan country so women should stay at home now the Nazi policies towards women were all geared towards that they were all geared towards this goal of women producing more Nazis and there were three main ideas the Nazis wanted to achieve in what we wanted to kind of get to basically achieve this goal of having more children firstly they would encourage women to marry secondly they did encourage women to have more children once they were married and thirdly did encourage them to stay at home because if they stayed at home they'd look after their kids and they'd more like more likely have more children now in order to encourage women to marry they offered hugely generous loans to Arian couples and really importantly note this is Arian couples so if you fit that stereotype of being a traditional natural drummond where does that stereotype might be if you did that and you gave up work you were offered a massive loan and we're talking about a sizable amount of money with given to couples to marry so this was really trying to encourage people they also really wanted to encourage women to have more children so you've got the loan for being married that loan would reduce by 25% for each child you produced in other words if you had four children you had no money to pay back the government basically paid you to have kids they also gave medals out for women who had lots of children and this medal you can see a picture of it here is called the honour Cross of the German mother and there were three different layers or three different levels of this medal you could get a bronze medal for having four or five children a silver medal for six and a gold medal for eight that's always quite weird I think to people in our age that you get a medal for having children but this was their aim was to produce more kids and they also really encourage women to stay at home so they heavily reduced women's participation at university which is a terrible thing and only 10% of students at that time could be female so they had hoped that by doing these three things encouraging women to marry encourage them to have more children and encouraging them to stay at home that would lead to this surge in population and that would make new Nazis so let's work out whether that worked or not so firstly they encourage people to marry did that work it did a bit so actually marriages do increase from 500,000 really to nearly 800,000 by the end of the 30s so in that small period of time seven years actually there is an increase and quite a sizable increase in the number of marriages that are happening they went and have more children did that work a bit in the early thirties births did rise but actually towards the end of the decade they were already declining and some historians reckon that births were really rising in the early 30s because actually the economy was starting to pick up again really by the middle of the 30s and that's when births were rising but by the end of the decade where war was looming people weren't so naturally inclined to have children did it work with women staying at home ish the number of women in higher education did dramatically fall so that's something that the Nazis did really achieve but actually at the same time the number of women who were in work hugely increased so while when the population in this already economy started picking up women formed a really important part of that workforce so actually the number of women who were working mostly in factories at this time hugely increased from the start thirties to the end of the 30s so overall if we're taking this big picture and I wanted this bit in this video to look at this question if did the Nazis achieve what they wanted this Volks go mine shaft for the women not really and I think that's probably is the really the answer here marriages do increase a bit births do increase a bit not dramatically enough and really importantly the Nazi policy about making women stay at home didn't really work and actually it shows that to me it shows the Nazis weren't really achieving what they wanted in terms of women because women at this time was still brilliantly independent and focused on what they wanted to do