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Computer System Layers Overview

Jul 13, 2025

Overview

This lecture introduces the four main layers of computer systems—hardware, operating system, software, and user—and explains why understanding these layers is crucial for IT professionals.

Computer System Layers

  • Computers can be divided into four main layers: hardware, operating system, software, and user.
  • Each layer interacts with the others to enable the overall functioning of a computer.

Hardware Layer

  • The hardware consists of physical components like laptops, phones, monitors, and keyboards.
  • Hardware is produced by many different manufacturers.

Operating System Layer

  • The operating system (OS) allows hardware to communicate with the rest of the system.
  • The OS enables the use of various hardware regardless of the manufacturer.
  • Understanding the components of major operating systems (like Android and Windows) is essential for navigating any OS.

Software Layer

  • Software is how users interact with computers, such as through apps, browsers, or word processors.
  • Both the operating system and user applications are considered software.
  • Learning how software is installed and used will be covered later in the course.

User Layer

  • The user layer involves direct human interaction with the computer.
  • User needs and issues are a central focus in IT roles.
  • Most IT work involves supporting user interaction with technology.

Real-World Application & Problem Solving

  • Applying knowledge of the computer’s layers helps resolve real-world issues.
  • Problem-solving tactics are essential for identifying and fixing computer-related problems.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Hardware — The physical components of a computer system.
  • Operating System (OS) — Software that manages hardware and allows it to communicate with other systems.
  • Software — Programs and applications that allow the user to perform tasks on a computer.
  • User — The person interacting with the computer system.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Prepare to learn about each component of computer hardware in the next lesson.
  • Get ready to build a computer from component parts in an upcoming module.