Individualistic vs. Collectivist Societies

Introduction

• Identities: Formed from birth, influenced by culture.
• Key Questions: Who are we? What should we care about? How should we relate to others?
• Cultural Influence: Shapes our answers and behaviors.

Types of Societies

Individualistic ("Me" Cultures)

• Characteristics:
  • Importance on the individual.
  • Responsibility for own well-being.
  • Limited circle of responsibility: immediate family (parents, spouses, children).
• Examples: United States, Australia, many parts of Europe.

Collectivist ("We" Cultures)

• Characteristics:
  • Importance on group and social ties.
  • Responsibility extends to extended family, classmates, neighbors.
  • Strive for group harmony and collective well-being.
• Examples: China, India, Japan.

Behavioral Differences

Dining Example

• "Me" Culture: Small family (parents and children), individual meals ordered.
• "We" Culture: Larger family (extended relatives), shared dishes in the center.

Attribution Example

• Late Arrival:
  • "Me" Culture: Attribute tardiness to personal traits (e.g., laziness).
  • "We" Culture: Consider external factors (e.g., traffic).
• Accomplishments:
  • "Me" Culture: Individual celebrated for achievements.
  • "We" Culture: Team's collective effort emphasized.

Cultural Relativism

• No Objectivity: No right or wrong in individual vs. group thinking.
• Cultural Influence: One of many factors that shape individuals.
• Diversity: Some individuals within a culture may prioritize differently.
• Understanding: Important to consider cultural upbringing when evaluating behavior from different cultures.
• Empathy: Helps in understanding and appreciating diversity in human societies.