a very very warm welcome to each of you as We Gather here today and it is nice to have participants that spans not only from Southeast Asia but also from Asia's countries and across the world it is the an honor to stand as your master of ceremony on this occation okay to begin with uh I would like to uh present about the agenda for today so we will have one and a half hour session today uh to begin with uh the introduction to the program Itself by Satya Utama as project manager and then we continue to the presentation of the topic uh highlight of the a potion Episode by beatric cardinas our a quality director and uh we go into the main session uh talking about the hke air pollution episode understanding through the and tools uh this will be presented by rajes and we have a 10 minutes Q&A session and we continue to the panel of cities representative here and we already have Manila city representative and Jakarta City representatives and we have the second Q&A session uh before we close our session without any further Ado uh this is uh the rules of the zoom uh session in this session so please be kindly ined that this webinar will will be recorded for documentation purposes and you are inquired to utilize the chat box for interactive discussion and N working during the session uh and to ask the questions we kindly request that you use the Q&A feature on zoom and this allow us to address inquiries effectively during uh limited time of Q&A session and during the session I would like to invite you to sit back focus and derive maximum value of the insightful content we have prepared for you today and should you require any assistance or encounter technical issue please do not hesitate to contact our support team my email is here to support you if there is any technical or assistance required so we are also provide interpretation for Bahasa Indonesia and English uh available on the zoom uh the further instruction is provided in chat box and you can uh stay on English or in um Channel okay to begin with I would like to invite SATA Bud Utama or Tomi uh he is a project manager for air quality in Indonesia Satya oromi serves as the project manager and previous previously he led W Indonesia in sustainable use of bit land project under EU delegation in from 2020 to 2023 in this role he provided programmatic leadership uh for air quality overseeing the development implementation monitoring and evolution project Tommy brings extens extensive experience in program management particularly in disaster reduction and climate change adaptation so I would like to give the stage to you master me uh to introduce the program of soueast Asia quality Community prce the stage is yours m thank you very much f for the introduction and I wish to extend a warm welcome to our participants joining from Jakarta and other uh cities in Southeast Asia and also to the other participants joining from the other side of the uh time zone so a warm welcome for our first session in Southeast Asia air quality community of practice so before coming into our main menu for today uh allow me to introduce a bit about the uh program that we have I hope everyone can see my screen now so again welcome to the first session of Southeast Asia community of practice uh our today's topic is high air pollution episode in cities understanding true data and tools so let us begin with a quick fact about the condition of the air pollution in in Southeast Asia at the moment so the air pollution has becoming a prominent topics of discussion in Southeast Asia not only among the scientific uh communities but also at the communities of the citizens at Large so we have a bit of unfortunate facts about the current condition in South Asia southeast Asia sorry so the air pollution cut short the life expectancy of the aage Southeast Asian person by one and a half years and sudden and unfortunately there is also the fact that out of 10 people now breathe a polled air in Southeast Asia a bit of a good uh progress is the seven out of 11 countries in the region are not moving towards best practices in air quality management so I hope what we are doing now is also contributing to the uh establishment of best best practices in our Quality Management in this [Music] region the southeast Asia air quality community of practice was launched in Bangkok in June 2023 uh that coincides with also the event on the climate and clean air conference 2023 uh it was uh organized in Bangkok so the aims of the establishment of the community is to connect the air quality practitioners and also the academics and the wide range of stakeholders at both the city and the national levels in Southeast Asia so through this initiative we hope that we could encourage uh participations from the stakeholders in capacity building activities and also to establish a joint platform for sharing of our experience in uh addressing the air pollution issues in this region so at the time of the launch of the initiative there were there were also 32 attendees coming from the eight cities in Southeast Asia so we had people coming from Jakarta uh Den Pasar in from Indonesia uh qual Lumpur putraa of Malaysia and also people coming from Hanoi Vietnam and Manila batan and po city of the Philippines so this is a bit of snapshot of the location of the work at the moment so currently we have uh stakeholders connecting with the community from Indonesia Malaysia and Philippines and we also hope to expand to the other countries in Southeast Asia the project is supported by the US Department of State and elect by the World Resources Institute uh we are aing to establish a sustained crossb experience sharing through this uh uh sessions and hopefully uh we can also overcome the challenge and gaps uh in understanding the air quality challenges in this region so a bit of the overview of activities under the southeast Asia arity communities we are now in the first year of the project at the stage of assessing the needs and priorities at the city level and also at the uh country and Regional level uh our activities in the first year started with the uh launching or the hosting the en inaugural meeting of at climate and clean air conference in Bangkok it is also Mark the launch of the communities of practice in Southeast Asia we for seee in year two we will establish a sustainable uh experience sharing platform for Equity so we have a more uh robust platform hopefully by next year on sharing the experience from the practitioners and in year three we will continue with our policy master class and science Shadow fellows fory practitioners through this uh activities we plan to secure the outcomes of strengthening the knowledge and Technical capacity in monitoring modeling and other air quality management tools and also we had we have another outcome to Foster crossb experience sharing on best practices on clean air action planning so in coming to uh our first sessions today we also conducted uh assessment surface on the challenges and capacity need support for the cities so as you can see uh the snapshot of the surface shows that there is a a prominent challenge in terms of the lack of monitoring and assessment and also there is a challenge related with the policy gaps in air quality management and with that uh there is also a priority list of capacity the support submitted by the stakeholders at the top we have the uh the needs on the capacity support related with the policy and clear air exchange solution formulation we have also quite a long list of capacity building topics that is interesting from our practitioners and stakeholders uh ranging from the formulations of Clean Air actions uh through the air quality forecasting for Series so hopefully throughout the years of the implementations of this project we will be able to cover all of these uh topics that is put that are put forward by the stakeholders and practitioners in the communities and we had also list of potential topics for next uh sessions uh there are related with data and tools on the air quality data the air air quality indicator and as well as the monitoring Network and hopefully we also be will be available we'll be able to share our best practices from different series on the participatory science climate waste and clean air on trans boundary air pollution air quality and Equity as well as the transport and Urban Development initiative to achieve clean air in our region so that's a bit of what we are aiming to do within the framework of the southeast Asia air quality community of practice so this is uh the link for you if you are interested also to join the community you can scan the the uh code and also you have the the the link to to join the community of practice this will also be shared uh after the conclusion of our sessions today so hopefully uh we'll be having more people joining the southeast Asia air coltic community of practice thank you with that I pass it back to Fel thank you [Music] Fel thank you master for explaining us about the programmatic for some share quity Community Practice uh so today uh we are happy uh to announce that there are 46 attendees joining uh this session ranging from Indonesians Malaysian Philippines and other countries that I cannot mention one by one thank you so much for joining us and please uh you can use chat box to interact between each other and later to uh give the question in Q&A box for the next sessions I would like to invite bis cardas uh to present the overview of hike air pollution episodes why we raise these topics and what is actually air pollution episodes B carinas is our air quality director from more resources Institute Mexico and she also leads the global air quality team at Global and she's expertise in air pollution with a background ENC compassing both scientific research and policy development uh without any further Ado I give the stage to you bis uh to present about uh the highlight of air pollution episode stage is yours thank you um I will I will be sharing my my screen can you see it now okay yes well it's uh I I will not take more time I think that we are all eager to hear uh uh about what is uh what are the tools the data that air pollution uh events can uh how can we use them and also listen from uh two air quality practitioners our experts uh what they are uh what their experiences in their cities I would just like to to just to to share with you you I mean among the topics that we have identified that are important interest of and of interest of the participants these high pollution events are unfortunately more frequent that we would like to they are happening everywhere um and yes unfortunately they are more frequently in the in cities in the global South so one of the one of the questions that we would like to answer today or at least just to present and and Trigger to for you to think about it is that well some thinking about since when we are suffering High pollution events and maybe we have been suffering for a long time but until we have some tools and data to to um Monitor and to to share what's going on is then when we are uh not only experiencing these high pollution events but we are trying to do something so we will uh we can define a high pollution event based on what are the metrics that we are using but what we can say is that when we are reaching high levels of air pollutants that are damaging the health of people and ecosystems we are definitely experienc High pollution days what pollutants that also change from place to place based on the conditions and based on the sources and I think that one of the questions that frequently is being asked to H policy makers and air quality managers is why this High pollution event happens what are the reasons and that's something that we will uh that we will also discuss today and listen from the experts and and I think that one of the best uh the the most frequent question also is what can we do when we have these high pollution events can we do something either to know where they are coming so we can have some we can take some actions or can what can we do to reduce them in the short meat and eventually in the long term and yes we all know about the high polution event the famous high pollution event that happens in 1990 52 in London all that trigger all the data that was uh collected and what actions were taken after that the other well case well known case is Mexico City in the 1980s it was uh identified as the most polluted city in the world uh what you can see in the in the graphic here is a mosa of uh the high pollution events that had happened over the last three decades if we use the level as a pple as a very high pollution event very high levels of air pollution uh we will have this MOS so that means that in the 198s in 1990s we have most of the year of high pollution events that we now consider a high pollution events that means that as soon as we have data and as soon as we def we Define what actions are going to be taken at what are the level that we definitely consider as a high pollution events then we take actions and then the uh eventually these high levels uh are are decreasing still there is a lot of work if you see the last row uh is the when you see the square in in red that means that they are also High pollution events this is for oone is the highest concentration in 1 hour in Mexico City that's one of the metrics that is considered to determine we have a high pollution event right now and then a lot of actions are being uh implemented but if you see so over the time there has been some progress we don't have many purple uh squares but still we Mexico City is experiences is experiencing um High pollution EV less but still and just a couple of examples in 2016 in 2019 and even uh last year there were also High pollution events so that's a problem there are some there is some progress there are some actions and we all can share the actions we can all share uh what tools and and and data can we use not only to to forecast them but also to make some actions to reduce them and yes High pollution days are not only in the news they uh you if you you uh look where to go as as a vacation you can even find in triple advisor some information about high pollution events how the pollution is this is just an example how bad pollu how air pollution is in Mexico so that means that people are more conscient so we are hoping that there is more demand for clean n days so all of us who are looking to have and Implement actions to reduce uh this High pollution Days event are effective and yes uh we can learn from from previous experiences you may have seen that even these high pollution events in London had been even included in one of the on the on the Netflix series that happened that was broadcasting so that means that we have more knowledge we this is a demand and we can do uh a lot not only to understand to explain to others but most importantly to to implement action to improve the air so that's it that's this the whole idea why we would like to start discussing in thank you so much for all the experts that will be sharing today um their knowledge their experiences and maybe have some ideas on how can this be how the a we breathe could be improved thank you thank you so much betri uh for uh giving us a overview on why we take this air pollution episode or Evolution event within this topic and as we understand uh currently that overall in Southeast Asia region that we are facing the dry system in which that might affect the pollution uh concentration or pollution level in the atmosphere okay thank you for the opening session so this is uh we are going to the main stage and before I give the stage to our main speaker or the our main expert here I would like to give uh further uh guidance to ASA GAA will be our moderator hello ASA are you there hello Asar can you hear me hello ASA I cannot hear you uh M can you hear ASA or this is only me no I think you can just go ahead first fil maybe Asar is having a bit of challenge with the connection okay okay okay okay sure uh perhaps uh we can continue to our speaker uh I would like to introduce to rajes Kumar uh rajes uh are you here thank you so much for for uh participating in this community of practice and thank you because there I believe it's evening already and thank you for allocating the time for us uh r Kumar is the interim deputy director for research application laboratory National Center for atmospheric research or enar uh rajes is a project scientist and also uh co-chair of the international map AQ program associated with wo and IC GAC his research focus on air quality a critical double Global concern responsible about 7 million pror Debs we already know that and he already own 83 per Publications and secure 44 uh USD million in external funding for Force ra just uh without any further Ado I would like to give the stage to you to present uh the air pollution episode and understanding through the yeah thanks lot fil can you hear me okay yes I can hear you very well all right so let let me share my screen is the presentation available is visible in the full screen mode yes okay all right so um yeah thank you very much for the opportunity and uh thanks to Tommy and batri for setting the stage for my presentation um since this uh southeast Asia community of practice uh really focuses on high pollution event I decided to talk about uh the air quality in Delhi uh we all know that uh New Delhi is one of the global hotpots for air pollution and in the recent years air quality has deteriorated to such dangerous levels that it required emergent um attention from the governments and there have been a lot of things that have been done in New Delhi over the the past five or six years so I'm I'm going to talk about how we have been contributing uh to enhancing air quality decision- making activity in Delhi by integrating air quality models with uh multiplatform observations so you can see here we have a long list of people uh who are all contributing to this air quality early warning system that I'm going to talk about in today's talk um and these come from a lot of different institutions including enar which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the US the Indian Institute of tropical meteorology Indian meteorological Department as well as uh the central pollution control board so very brief outline of my talk um I'm going to um I'm going to provide you a brief overview of air quality problem in Delhi uh one slide on government's initiatives to tackle the air quality problem and then the development of the air quality early barning system and conclude with a summary slide so for people who do not know where Delhi is uh it is located in uh northern part of India it has a population of just over 30 million people with a very high population density of 20,000 people per kilometer Square um on the right here you can see the population density map so the yamuna river flows through the eastern part of Delhi and you can see that there are neighborhoods with very high population density so these people are engaged into a lot of human activities which lead to emissions uh like any other city and these emissions contribute to the uh Pro the air pollution problem in Delhi so what are really the emission sources um that affect Delhi so here on the left uh do you see my uh do you see my mouse fil as I'm talking uh I cannot oh yeah I can see you see po yeah yeah um I'm not sure if I can use a anyway so on the left side here you see the anthropogenic emissions which are resulting from all the people living in Delhi and these are one of the sources which affect air quality in Delhi throughout the whole year then um another source which is very seasonal and appears during spring and fall is related to the crop residue burning and this crop residue burning mostly occurs in upwind states of New Delhi which are harana and Punjab and you see um this is only one day fire count you also see some smoke resulting from these fires which then travels to New Delhi so in addition to the local emissions uh emissions from outside of New Delhi also affect uh air pollution in Delhi and then there are dust storms on top of it which are mostly which mostly occur during the the spring season so how do how do the the ozone and pm2.5 which are two criteria pollutants how do they vary seasonally in Delhi so here you see uh a seasonal cycle of PM 2.5 in Delhi this is a multi-year Time series going from uh January 2012 to December 2014 but you see that year after year during the winter time pm2.5 pollution is very high the pm2.5 average uh monthly average concentrations are going up to 250 to 300 microgr per me cube with the peak values uh going to 500 microgr per me Cube and sometimes even reaching the levels up to ,000 micrograms per Meer Cube so it's a very very serious situation but during the summer time as you can see here during the summer time pm2.5 pollution is very low but when you look at ozone during the winter time when we have the PM pollution problem we do not have the ozone problem so the ozone problem is really during uh April May which is when we have the highest solar radiation so depending on the season you have different type of pollution problems in Delhi so what is the government been doing uh the government uh has taken a lot of initiative and I'm going to highlight those initiatives in this uh slide so first of all they have developed an air quality monitoring Network which contain which includes about 50 reference grade monitors uh within Delhi then uh the government has funded the development of an air quality forecasting system and most of my talk today is going to focus on that part um there is information dissemination uh you if you go in Delhi you will find digital boards like this you can get information about air quality through SMS mobile apps and websites and then uh the government has also launched a national clean air program uh which aims to reduce pm2.5 by 20 to 30% all right so what how so now the the rest of the talk we I'll focus on the air quality forecasting system we use the VF cam model for our air quality forecasting system we are implementing vcam into a three domain configuration where the outermost domain actually now covers entire India at 10 km resolution in fact it also includes Pakistan Afghanistan Nepal Bangladesh and Sri Lanka then we have a 2 kilometer domain which is focused on Delhi and the surrounding states and a 400 met resolution domain which focuses uh simply on Delhi all right so um but is the barf Camp the best model to uh to forecast a quality in Delhi and so we started working on that and and evaluating it so in this slide what I'm showing is a frequency distribution of the aerosol Optical depth as seen by mod satellite in the blue color and our VF cam prediction the default Warf Cam that you can just download from the web and uh and run it we get the warf cam prediction in Red so you can see that compared to Blue the red is substantially underestimating aerosol Optical depth and so I will show in the next slide that this run the red color in this run we also substantially underestimated pm2.5 so we decided like can we use satellite data to uh constrain Aros SS into the vcam model and then we assimilate uh mod aod into Warf Cam and then you see the the sorry the blue color is Warf cam with Mod aod simulation black is the the Modis act original retrievals and so you can see that now with the simulation we are forcing the model to see what the mod satellite sees but what is the impact of this assimilation on Surface PM 2.5 concentrations and in terms of forecast we are doing a 72-hour forecast in New Delhi and so here I broke down that forecast into three different panels so this panel here is showing the daily average values based on the first day forecast this is second day forecast and this is third day forecast and this is the reduction in mean bias because of the assimilation of satellite data mod aod into the vcam model so you can see that on the first day we reduce the mean bu by 86% on second day by 81% and on the third day by 70% but what is very interesting is uh here the black color is the observations and these come from 24 sites that cpcb has uh installed in Delhi and red is the war cam prediction without the assimilation of mod so you can see there is a large difference between the the red line and the black line which is telling us the bias in the default wfcam model then we assimilate um mod aod and now we have the blue line with the solid triangles and you can see that it was able to substantially reduce bias means for the most part except the speak here which was related to the Diwali Festival uh there was large reduction in error so even during the the most acute air pollution episode that was that happened during this period we were able to improve PM 2.5 predictions by up to 200 microgram per Meer Cube which was a huge Improvement and all these improvements are not just resulting from the assimilation of aod but it also some of these improvements are also resulting from the interactions between aerosols and radiation in the model so you can see if we assimilate the mod this aod but we do not let aerosols affect the radiation then we get the forecast in green line and so the difference between the green and blue line is actually because of the the interactions between the chemistry and radiation so it is not only Improvement to integrate information from various sources it is also important to represent physical processes appropriately in the model all right so um what we are doing with this uh this forecast system has been running since October 2018 and Indian Institute of tropical meteorology had set up a website it is called air quality early warning system for Delhi and you can go on this website I have included the link in the at the bottom of this slide and you can uh you can find 72-hour air quality forecast along with near real time evaluation and a air quality bulletin and a lot of other information about air quality in Delhi every day so this website has been visited by more than 200,000 people uh since it was launched all right so we had some success uh with the assimilation of the satellite retrievals but as you might have noticed in the previous slide we go from red to blue but there is still a large gap between blue and black and so with this initial developments of integrating information from satellite data sets and models we were able to at least predict whether an air pollution episode is coming or not but we were not able to reproduce the magnitude of air pollution and so that's why we decided like okay maybe at 10 kilomet resolution we are not representing the emission sources well enough into our models and so we decided to go down to 400 m resolution which is very fine resolution uh going down to the neighborhood scale but there are challenges of of going down to that resolution so first of all we need uh high resolution emissions so iitm the Indian Institute of tropical Metrology they actually developed an emission inventory at 400 met resolution but then through various sensitivity runs we found out that the original emissions in that inventory were too high and did not take into account some of the policies implemented by the government and so we ended up reducing uh the original emissions by about 40% the second was constraining the model's initial state with the observations so so far we had only been assimilating the satellite data into the model but there are also a lot of ground monitors and in terms of air quality forecasting our main objective is to to provide as accurate forecast as possible so we decided to assimilate the groundbased observations but the data simulation systems that have been developed in the US they assumed uh pm2.5 rarely goes above 150 microgram per M Cube so our first tests of the assimilation of groundbased observations were not successful and then we went into the system and increased that limit to 1,000 micrograms per meter cube so that we can represent those frequent High pollution events into our data simulation system and then the final challenge we had was the model run time 400 m run is very very excellent it takes about 8 hours to produce a 72-hour forecast on a big superc computer and so we had to come up with strategies um where we are running the 10 kilomet and 2 kilometer domain at together and then so that those can be used as initial guidance by the decision makers and then do the 400 meter forecast later so did it help the the question is did the 400 m resolution help and so here I'm showing an evaluation during 2019 from 20 October to uh 1st February 2020 and in this in this figure again the observations are in Black our 10 kilometer forecast based on the global Edgar emission inventory is in green so you can see that the behavior that we saw in 2017 uh persisted in 2020 where we were able to kind of predict up and down in the green line corresponding to the black line but we never really made it to the The observed magnitude then our um forecast at 400 met resolution which is in red now you can see that except few events like these two all these events during the uh during uh from November to February all these events were very well captured by the red line so the reason is that here we are not able to capture it because during this part we get a lot of influence from the crop residue burning and so the biomass burning emissions are really uncertain and so this error is part in part related to the crop residue Burning uh uncertainities in the crop residue burning emission inventory while during this part things are controlled more by anthropogenic emissions and with the 400 m emission inventory we were able to uh represent uh these speaks very well now the next question was like okay we have the 400 m emissions now if we upscale those to 10 kilometer do we still get the same uh accuracy and we we were able to get the same accuracy at least on the Delhi average scale there were still there were large differences uh at the neighborhood scale but overall at the Delhi scale uh when we upscale our emissions from 400 m resolution to 10 kilm uh that forecast can be actually used as an initial guidance by decision makers all right so air quality forecast is a forecast you know whether an air pollution event is coming or it is not coming but how do you really make sure that if an air pollution event is coming what type of actions I can take so decision makers they need Source attribution information to make those type of decisions so in Delhi uh the commission for air quality management uh is a supreme court appointed body which has come up with a graded response action plan so depending on the level of pm2.5 they activate different temporary emission mitigation measures and for for that they need accurate forecast and they also need to know from where these where these emission sources are located so to help the decision makers our next step was to develop a decision support system and so we implemented 400 70 tracers into Warf cam so that we can uh track the major species which is black carbon organic carbon and p25 in Delhi um and we want to capture different geographical regions so this is Delhi and all the districts that are around Delhi all the emission sectors of Delhi including transport industry energy waste burning residential construction road dust others and biomass burning and different emission SC I like okay if you have an air pollution event and you want to reduce the emissions by 20% or 40% how much improvement you can get in air quality so all this information is obtained into a single Warf camon we do not do an emble here we you we do this based on a tracer approach and I'll be happy to talk to anyone who is interested in learning more about this approach so what type of information this decision support system is generating so here I'm going to play animation and so this is like the percentage contribution of Delhi and all the sources that are around Delhi all the geographical regions to PM 2.5 in Delhi so this is a movie that will play uh this is from 2021 and you will see the colors changing so you see at this time which is 10 UTC that corresponds to 3:30 p.m. in Delhi and you see that Delhi is the largest contribution uh to pm2 to its pm2.5 pollution but there is significant amount of contribution coming from other uh other regions located south of Delhi so I'm I'm not playing the video as we go into the night the contribution from the Delhi local emissions increase because we have a more shallow boundary layer then we get into the daytime now the contribution of local emissions decrease and you still get a lot of contribution from the southern uh districts that are located south of Delhi sometimes the the flow changes and you at this time now you get more contribution from the Northeast sector so we we produce this type of information every day but this map is very confusing because the sources keep jumping around and it is not very useful for the decision makers so what we do then next is we actually provide a Time series information like this where we have each geographical region represented so even though the contribution from different ources are changing in time you can see that uh okay the blue and light green these are the two most important emission sources contributing to pm2.5 pollution in Delhi and these are the two sources that I need to Target as a decision maker then okay so the the most important contribution is coming from Delhi but which sector of Delhi so we are producing that information here uh we at different emission sectors from Delhi and from this diagram it is very it is clear that it is the energy uh sorry it is the industries and the transport sector which are the main contributor to air pollution even during this forecast cycle so this helps decision makers pinpoint the information like okay these are the sectors that I need to control so what what do we do with this information um we produce this information put it on our website the commission for air management looks at it and if the air is predicted to be polluted they restrict activities and this is just a snapshot from the Indian Express which is a leading newspaper in India where it says NCR schools colleges shut construction at a halt till November 21st and then when there is a prediction of a cleaner air uh then we they go back to normal operations and that is also covered in media which says schools reopen after pollution break but the the construction ban was still on because uh PM 2.5 decreased but not to not to a level that was considered uh suitable for construction activities to resume so with this this whole ecosystem we are really uh empowering decision makers um the decision- making activity has significantly been enhanced but there are still some challenges especially around um when the air quality changes uh jumps from one category to another so in those events even a 2% error into air quality forecast can affect the ability of decision makers in imposing appropriate restrictions but so far this has been helping we we we work closely with commission for air quality management to to brainstorm ideas on further improving the accuracy of the system so with this I will leave the summary slide up uh and and thank you and take any questions thank you for insightful presentation really uh give us um more insights on how Deli can deal with high potion event before I go to Q&A session I would like to offer this session actually to ASA ASA would you like to continue this session yeah hear you now yes okay finally there was a trouble with my uh laptop but yeah hello everyone uh sorry uh before that uh let me introduce myself first I am ASA a quality and climate research analyst for Indonesia uh and for today's session uh we already on the Q&A session so for those of you who already have a question please type uh your question on the Q&A uh section you can type it on Bahasa Indonesia or in English and I think we already uh have a question I will read a question for you just okay for the first question uh it's from miti uh how do you establish and develop decision support system and can you explain more about the particular approach that you mention for this support system that's first question over to you a yeah thanks miy for the question so basically Warf cam is a model where we represent all the physics and chemistry based uh um processes and then we provide emissions as input to the model so what we are doing is we are tracking black carbon organic carbon and direct pm2.5 emissions which actually constitute N More Than 90% of pm2.5 in the model so we are tracking each of these species from Delhi and different emission sectors so there is a tracer approach that we have developed and I can actually share uh uh my paper that describes this approach it's a 2015 paper in jgr with the title uh what controls the seasonal cycle of black carbon aerosols in India so the Tracer approach is described in that paper hopefully that's answer a question yeah yeah and so so miti please feel free to write write to me I will leave my email address in the chat and I'm happy to talk talk to you more about it if it is not clear to you okay thank you so much for just uh I think we already have another question oh wait a second yeah I I can read it um oh you can read it okay this is from imas and imas is asking why do you why do I use Warf cam instead of highlit so imas um as you know that high split treats air masses as iner so you can actually follow the transport of air mass but how much chemistry is happening into that air mass how emissions are being added to that air mass how much deposition is happening in an air mass those processes are not represented into a high split model uh in the W cam model we represent all these uh processes using physical and chemical parameterizations so Warf cam is much more advanced compared to uh a high split type of model um so the time series prediction algorithm we are not using a Time series prediction algorithm we are actually running Warf cam which is a three-dimensional model into the forecast mode to generate the time series I hope that answers your question but please feel free to to be in touch with me if you need to um then there is a anonymous question uh saying that how could you differentiate the pollutant Source such as Transportation industrial Etc what is the error rate of differentiating the source this is quite important to avoid misleading information and to provide accurate steps for policy maker I absolutely agree that uh any error uh could be misleading for the decision makers but when we develop the emission inventory we keep all the emission sector separate uh so we know how much emissions are coming from the transport sector industry sector energy generation sector so this is a an emission inventory that is generated by Indian scientists uh through collections of activity data emission factors that are measured in India so there is still scope of having some errors into those estimates but these are the best estimates that we have as of now so our emission inventory actually includes that granularity that we need to track different emission sources so then okay thanks miti how does I think there is a question in basa Indonesia I will translate it to you uh it's from iranaa uh Iran ask about uh can you explain more about how uh flow from the uh how the that from the data when the air pollution High uh and then how the government decide to uh okay we have to uh stop this activity to uh prevent the higher pollution yeah that's it so it depends on the the graded response action plan so let me share my screen again so the government looks at um looks at the level of pm2.5 and so here if you we go back to this slide then if the if say for example pm2.5 is more than 300 microgr per M Cube and pm10 is more than 500 microgr per meter cube then the the action to take is stop truck truck traffic entry in Delhi stop construction activities introduce o scheme and potential School closer so the government has predefined the actions corresponding to the predicted level of PM 2.5 all right so then there is this question about the inter agencies within government coordinate when it comes to the peak event so that responsibility lies with the commission for air quality management it is the overarching body that controls all different components of uh regulatory bodies and it directs different bodies to work together so uh the decision from the cqm the commission for air quality management has the highest uh priority so the coordination is is actually done by the cqm um there is a question from riski uh since Indonesia is an island country we need more effort to do as same as this is due to every location or island has special sources uh how government and Academia collaborate in order to plan and do the progress in air quality management in India so very interesting question uh risky um so basically the Indian Institute of tropical meteorology it's a more of an academic research institution helping the government and they very closely work with the India meteorological department so I believe Indonesia also have a national mology services so um there needs to be collaboration between the academy community and the Indonesia meteorological services to develop this type of projects so in India the ministry of Earth Sciences which oversees the indiaan meteorological Department as well as Indian Institute of tropical meteorology also provides funding to the university community in India to work on these systems so Indonesia I I believe there is a similar system may exist if not that is one of the things that can uh potentially be done yeah thank you yep go ahead sir just I think there's a unanswered question that you can uh answer by email or responded by email since we are have a limited time for the session is that okay yeah that sounds good I'll put my email in the chat so anyone if you want to reach out please send me an email okay uh thank you so much fores for your presentation and uh for your answer for this Q&A session and uh now we will uh move to our uh second session we we will have a panel session with our uh City representative we have uh from uh Jakarta and Manila city can you give a spotlight to our speaker so yeah we already have IU rahmati here and Mr jundi is Mr jundi already here yes Mr jindy oh you're on the uh attendees can you join uh can uh the operator help me to uh allow talk to Mr jundy okay uh first of all I will uh little bit give a introduction about uh our speaker today have two speaker the first one is uh Mr jundi okay Mr jundi is a supervising Environmental Management specialist for Environmental Management Bureau Central of Manila he is currently serving uh 23 years in the government service at the department of environment and natural resources Environmental Management Buu and he is currently holding the position of Chief air quality management section as supervising Environmental management specialist uh welcome Mr Juni thank you for joining us today and for the yeah thank you uh for the second uh panelist we have IU rahmawati IU rahmawati is head of environmental subdivision from Jakarta environmental agency Jakarta has been serving with Jakarta environmental Agency for 21 years and is currently in the role of head of environmental monitoring subdivision at the de Jakarta environmental agency since March 2021 before her current position she has a significant roles in sub division of waste management and air pollution monitoring starting in 2015 she has participate participate in various Environmental Management training programs including those focus on Waste Management emission inventory and development of uh strategies and action plans for enhancing uh Urban a quality uh for the first uh list we already prepar the question for you to answer and uh you can answer by uh present your presentation or you can directly answer the question I think we already share with you about the uh how is current uh air quality in Manila and what source uh main source of the air pollution in Manila and uh the second question about the how the government better collaborate with technology companies and research institution to Har data and tool for more effective pollution and share with us an example of successful case study or data driven approach have play a crucial role in reducing pollution levels and improving Urban a quality so for uh Mr JY whenever you ready please go ahead and start the session okay can I share my presentation yes please okay can you see my presentation hello uh yes yeah we can hear and we can see it okay so I'm Jun Del sakuro I'm from the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of environment and natural resources in the Philippines so um I'll be answering uh three questions one is the current conditions of uh Manila and when when it's usually the peak of air pollution in Manila and what are the major sources of Metro Manila so I'll be explaining um the not only Manila but the entire country okay so first uh I'll just need uh uh like to inform you about the uh air quality network of the Philippines right now we have 137 and 118 are maintained by uh our um uh the government and um the others are uh 10 new stations for 2023 and uh and nine adopted stations are are uh coming from partnership from government agencies so we still use manual monitoring the ones that are still uh requires analysis uh for the laborator like filters uh for uh weighing the mass of the filters and also uh the absorbing solutions for gases but for conventional stations we have I mean continuous monitoring stations we have UV chinense andd bomb um light scattering and TM and also the open B monitoring uh Mr jindy sorry to interrupt but can you share a full screen slideshow in full mode yeah yeah wait uh you can unshare first and then present again uh and click the slideshow yes thank you Mr inde P slight close Okay so uh these are the manual monitoring that we we are still using right now um uh this gimatic uh Samplers then um also uh The Continuous uh conventions monitoring stations uh we use UV ultraviolet uh analyzers for so SO2 chinense for NO2 and nondispersive red for uh carbon monoxide also um uh the uh tapered element illation microbalance or the TM for uh pm10 and PM 2.5 the open fat uh uh it's the U it's a UV analyzer uh we are capable of monitoring S2 NO2 ozone and um uh three voc's such as benzin toin and saline and nondispersive INF porio again so uh for uh the entire country and the Manila so uh since the enactment of the Philippine cleaner act we have for we still monitor total suspended particulates because um we still encounter a lot of course uh particles in our country um uh that's why we still maintain this one we have um uh slightly higher poll mutants in the early 2000 but uh uh due to policies such as uh uh the uh includ uh including uh 2% biodiesel and um uh bioethanol in our fuels and uh also improving from Euro 4 euro2 to Euro 4 standards uh policies on so SO2 on Industrial sources uh establishing real time connection on uh emissions monitoring industrial sources uh such as those firms with SE SS and coms and uh other uh industrial policies such as uh the correction of uh oxygen in the emissions of indar sources we have observed some um um slight um uh Improvement uh by 42% since 2002 after to uh current in the first quarter of this year but you can observe during the pandemic that there's a significant decrease now because of course of the uh recent uh Cult of activities during the coid pandemic and forment Manila it's around 47% decrease but uh now it's fastly going back again after the pandemic so in terms of finer particles uh yeah we also observe significant uh Improvement through policies on uh fuel wheels and Motor Vehicles by the way uh uh the major source of air pollutants in the Philippines later I'll be discussing is still the transport sector or the mobile source as compared from stationar to Mobile so uh some policies uh especially on uh fuels or motor vehicles uh we believe that has a significant impact and Improvement of uh pm10 uh results and also um such as um the reduction of sulfur content from um Euro to to euro4 from 500 parts per million to uh 50 parts per million right now and all of those uh what I've mentioned the other uh Industrial Source policies um so um by the way we um started initiating the uh Euro 4 emission standards by 2016 and I think we believe that there uh uh improvements from 2016 and of course during the pandemic and um right now we're maintaining the levels up to 27 26 micrograms per normal cubic meter per pm10 for finer particles such as pm2.5 um um yeah and uh in since 2015 there have been a uh very slight Improv Improvement and after the pandemic but we have before the pandemic there's really some increase and uh right now uh from 2020 to 20 first quarter 2023 uh we're slowly uh going back or I mean increasing the levels of pm25 due to uh the uh starting of uh of the economy since um you know what happened during the pandemic but overall from 2015 we have 22% uh Improvement uh Nationwide and 30% Improvement for Manila so um we also experience some seasonal problems um um here in Manila and other parts of Philippines but in recently this uh just recent weeks we experience um both combination of uh the uh uh Urban traffic and at the same time at temperature inversion uh in which um you know the hotter temperature stays up a colder temperature in the surface uh promting us uh gases and particles not to be uh uh dispersed vertically so uh there's some um increase in pm1 uh that's why we have cautioned the public uh not to go out uh especially if there's uh if they have underlying uh health problems in terms of PM 2.5 uh during the recent week I think it happened September 7 September 9 and just September 21 uh last week uh was uh the most worst uh during temperature inversion uh cases in the Philippines we check the soundings of our meterological St stations or or the nearest radi on stations in Manila and uh we've seen some inversion and very uh weak or very calm wind that uh does not help in the ventilation of uh the air pollutants that's why um uh we have some problems uh with visibility or hazy haziness in Metro Manila recently but thank God it rained after this event it rained so hard that's why it was washed uh out uh for the emission inventory so it's consistent we are doing uh every three years of inventory since 2002 and it's been consistent you can see the orang is the a station resources and um the blue the lighter blue is the mobile source and the darker blue is the uh station resource or the industries and uh still uh the one of the major sources of air poan in manil I mean in the Philippines and manil uh the transport sector or the mobile sources um and uh in the re and the recent which is not yet uh uh official because we're still having data Gathering and U for 2021 um uh again still the mobile Source at 60% it is the current source of air in the Metro Manila and the Philippines so the that's uh that's for the first question on the status of Air Quality and the sources of air pollution in the Philippines the second question is uh the increasing concern uh considering the increasing concerns about air pollution in cities how can government better collaborate with technology companies and research institution to harness data and tools for more effective pollution management and Public Communication during High pollution episodes so um we have collaborations uh partnership with uh uh private sectors uh again I as I've mentioned we have this adap an ambient air quality monitors because in the Philippines we um um um utilize uh I mean follow us EPA reference or equivalent methods or those regulatory grade equipment which is quite expensive so uh we have uh this part parip uh project so uh we could expand our Network and this partnership are uh through uh uh the Industrial and Commercial sector that are willing to help the government uh monitor air quality and share the data in the Philippine Air value monitoring Network so that's uh true partnership and also um uh we also engage in um collaboration with technology company so uh we could help improve our uh internet uh I mean uh internet based uh platforms such as our website our social media sites and coming up uh with the um different ways in reporting air quality such as uh uh realtime um uh platforms uh available in both uh in our cell phones uh using iOS and uh uh Android and also platforms using uh Microsoft powerbi and uh um all those uh internet based uh uh it uh uh platforms that uh we are in collaboration with another thing is partnership with the the industrial sector in uh especially those with continuous emissions monitoring system like power plant cement plants refineries and um um through partnership with them um and our it companies we are able to establish data centers in the entire country and it's connected uh in our central office here in the Manila so for information uh the Philippines um is uh subdivided into 16 regions so we are an island nation and all of those islands has uh different sources of industrial sources with continuous emissions monitoring system so every regions has their own data center connected to the SS and conss in real time and uh this is connected to the central office here in Manila so we could uh see uh what's the uh uh real time monitoring in terms of uh particulates and gases like PM Co nox and socks so this is is uh uh what our data center looks like and each uh regional office has this data center and we will not be able to establish this one without the partnership with the private sector another partnership uh is with the research institution because um in the Philippine cleaner act we have um uh only criteria pollutants uh in the ambient air quality guideline value such as tsp pm10 pm2.5 uh carbon mon oxide carbon dioxide nitrogen oxide ozone and Lead uh but through partnership with the institu uh research institutions and our University uh we have an ongoing study on coming up with additional uh air ambient air pollutants uh in a project called the zardus ambient air pollutant project so uh through this one uh uh we will'll be eyeing um additional parameters there such a long list of heavy metals from cadmium Mercury um chromium and uh all all of new at least uh 8 to 12 heavy metals we are also eying to come up with the guideline values for ambient dioxine INF furance um also for ambient polyaromatic hydrocarbons uh total vocc and um hydrogen sulfide and black carbon so uh uh in the couple of I mean in the past decades we are we are uh we have a lot of spent filters and through apportionment and partnership with the research intution we're able to extract or do apportionment uh with the spend filters from our air quality Network and the data gathered here uh AIDS us in coming up with a additional imate air qual quality pollutants through the haza project um and these are the a portion of how we uh analyzed our spend filters and we through a partnership also with the uh intergovernmental Health uh we have um have gathered data from uh in different Philippine hospitals and uh Medical institution medical organization in uh correlating uh the levels of this is just one example pm10 and we're doing it to uh also the same we're replicating the same to all those pollutants included in the haza project and we're correlating this one to the uh um Hospital cases from COPD uh cancer hospital admission and determining the risk of air pollutants I mean the risk of exposure of the um the public to air pollutants and from here we are able to uh come up with the uh methodology in the determining the air quality index break points so uh this is uh also part in part in part in the formulation of the air quality guideline values because you know air quality guideline values should have a corresponding break points uh for us to uh uh quantify also its air quality index um these are uh those are some of the collaboration now here are some uh successful case studies so far that were data driven approaches Mr jendy have one minute left for your presentation yeah I'm about to finish so uh during the partners or establishment of the data center um um the aim of this one is to come up with the data in uh reviewing our stationary resources or industrial sources emission standards and um and uh right now the data is collected here is are being statis statistical analyze so we could uh tighten our uh stationary Industrial Source emission standards but uh even if it's still uh undergoing review and we have not yet uh lished uh a tighted air quality standard we have seen a self-regulating effect in uh our industrial sources like it's from 80 I mean from 50 to 80% decrease I mean reduction from their emission because you know uh we are uh um have access in real time no in their emissions so from socks nox to PM andco we have seen like 50 to 80% reduction or we call this the self-regulating effect as if we have revised a tighted emission standards for industrial sources so uh again also uh one uh probably a a success case studies is the reduction in pm10 levels and pm2.5 levels when we reduce the Sul content in our fuels from by 90% by from 50 500 PPM to 50 PPM and hopefully in the coming 3 years we'll be reducing another 80% no we're going we're eying up uh to Euro five or Euro 6 okay by uh 2027 so that ends my presentation and you can visit our website for all the platforms online platforms related to air quality monitoring and permitting in the Philippines thank you very much and thank you for listening thank you so much Mr Juni uh for your presentation and uh Now we move forward to our second panelist we already have uh IU rahmati or IU IU here today will provide us with a valuable insight into Jakarta air quality and she will share with us about the Jakarta air quality and how uh government mitigate High pollution episode that currently occur in Jakarta and what kind of strategies or platform that the government employed to actively in involve and inform the public in pollution monitoring and mitigation effort uh without further Ado uh can you uh I mean the opor can share the slide for IU raati or fil Maybe next yeah [Music] uh [Music] parameter Quality Index [Music] Jak [Music] micr [Music] next reference uh [Music] baty reference [Music] us wind speed direction humidity solar r [Music] Comm [Music] [Music] black local next emission inventory [Music] comp sector [Music] indust invent next okay [Music] uh [Music] for [Music] May good next [Music] okay per [Music] m uh signific next [Music] IND index [Music] criteria rank [Music] [Music] index for USA [Music] stand next January feu [Music] [Music] Jak next okay uh [Music] govern [Music] private [Music] comp [Music] then next okay okay okay quick resp [Music] next [Music] next water next next eff next platform yeah uh car next uh for those of you who already have a question you can put the question on our Q and a uh feature or do we still have the time or maybe uh from our uh panelist other panelist who have a respond or you have a insight for uh each and each other panelist maybe you can also uh open m is there any panelist or uh from the participant who wants to ask question or respond on our uh the presentation I think uh Ry Andre you have a question to the Jak government but the question is not ready yet uh I think uh I will give a first question maybe I can uh ask uh question to Mr jundi uh really interesting about uh actually in Manila uh the a quality uh throughout the year mostly in a good condition but also sometimes uh Manila also facing the bad air quality uh from uh Delhi and uh Jakarta they have a like a quick respond mitigation and how about uh in Manila is Manila also have a quick respon or how how Manila uh give a mitigate uh the the the the uh quality when it's going to high in in some period to Mr JY well in in the Philippines we have this national redu uh risk reduction uh Council for in uh we have this intergovernmental uh uh uh uh members uh from uh our meteorological um office from the military from uh uh other government uh Department of Health um if there are there are uh uh disaster risk related uh uh incidents such as volcanic eruption earthquakes floods and including Haze or air quality uh uh problems uh just like what happened last week so uh we have this uh just like in Indonesia we have this uh air quality index with the precautionary statements uh that uh uh informs the local government units uh to disseminate or to uh um inform their public uh not to uh uh go out if you have uh underlying uh medical conditions during uh this kind of situation like last week uh when we have experien this one uh most government agencies they cut all schools and all offices uh before 12 noon they sent everyone else home so that uh if the uh air pollution problem still uh uh persist then uh at least everyone is in their home already so they will not be exposed to the air pollutants so uh it's quite fast because uh at least before 12: noon uh we have informed the entire public and uh sent most of the students and offices uh at home thank you thank you for the answer Mr JY and uh we have a question for uh [Music] [Music] Ng yeah [Music] okay yeah [Music] for [Music] okay by [Music] uh IND [Music] [Music] IND okay and thank you for Mr jundi for uh this sharing session uh I think we are uh have a done with uh our session so once again thank you for all joining us today and uh I think we hope you found this session informative and look forward to connecting with you in our future events uh I'll give back the fal stage to our MC fil over to you fil thank you so much thank you ASA thank you for all the panelists uh Bu from the jakara Mr J from Manila and also our main uh speaker uh rajes Kumar and also and master me to also uh participate in this session