1981 Israel-India Pakistan Nuclear Tensions

Jul 10, 2025

Overview

The lecture reviews a 1981 plan involving Israel and India to strike Pakistan's Kahuda nuclear facility and the diplomatic and military reactions that caused the plan's cancellation.

Israel's Strike Plan

  • In 1981, Israel developed a plan to attack Pakistan's Kahuda nuclear enrichment facility.
  • Kahuda was a key, well-protected center for Pakistan's uranium enrichment program.

India's Involvement

  • India supported Israel by offering air bases for Israeli F-16s and F-15s to refuel before the strike.
  • The Indian codename for this plan was Operation Shockti.
  • Israeli pilots started training for the mission with Indian support.

Pakistan's Response

  • Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI discovered the strike plan.
  • General Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistan's leader, responded with a direct warning to Israel.
  • He threatened to strike Israel’s Dimona nuclear facility in retaliation.
  • Pakistani F-16 pilots volunteered for a potential one-way mission to attack Dimona.
  • General Zia warned India as well about the consequences.

Cancellation of the Operation

  • Facing possible escalation into a wider conflict, India withdrew its support for the plan.
  • Without Indian logistical help, Israel could not proceed and called off the operation.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Kahuda — Pakistan’s main uranium enrichment nuclear facility in 1981.
  • Operation Shockti — Indian codename for the joint plan with Israel to strike Kahuda.
  • ISI — Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan’s primary intelligence agency.
  • Dimona — Israel’s main nuclear facility, threatened by Pakistan in response.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • None specified.