Lecture Notes: Reactions to the Compromise of 1850

Overview of the Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was intended as a solution to sectional tensions between the North and South.
Both Northerners and Southerners criticized the Compromise before it became law.

Fugitive Slave Law: Northerners opposed this aspect, believing it morally wrong as it forced them to aid in capturing escaped slaves.
William Seward's Reaction:
- Gave the "Higher Law Speech" on March 11, 1850.
- Opposed the Compromise on moral grounds, despite its legality.
- Argued that morality is more important than the Constitution.

Nashville Convention (June 1850):
- Southern states convened to discuss defending slavery and Southern interests.
- Rejected the Compromise as unfavorable to the South.
- Proposed extending the Missouri Compromise Line to the Western Territories.
Second Session (November 1850):
- Some Southerners called for secession following the Compromise's enactment.
- Discussions on forming a Southern Congress.
- Convention paved the way for secession and the Southern Confederacy.

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in response to the Fugitive Slave Law.
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year and spread nationwide.
Content:
- Portrayed the harsh realities and moral corruption of slavery.
- Highlighted how slavery negatively affected both slaves and slave owners.
- Depicted brutal scenes and family separations.
Reactions:
- Alarmed Southerners, banned in many Southern areas.
- Strengthened Northern abolitionist sentiment.
- Contributed to increasing sectional tensions.

Marked the first serious national crisis over slavery.
Resulted in significant stress, contributing to the death of President Zachary Taylor and the health decline of other politicians.
Discussions of Southern secession intensified but did not yet lead to war.