Overview
This lecture examines the complex philosophical question of personal identity, using the Ship of Theseus paradox to highlight challenges in defining what makes something, or someone, the same over time.
The Question of Identity
- The question "Who am I?" has challenged thinkers from ancient philosophers to modern artists.
- Different fields approach identity differently, resulting in various, often conflicting, theories.
- Defining identity is complicated by change over time in our bodies, minds, and experiences.
The Ship of Theseus Paradox
- The Ship of Theseus is an ancient thought experiment demonstrating the persistence of identity through gradual change.
- Over 1000 years, every part of Theseus's ship is replaced, yet it is still recognized as the same ship.
- This raises the question: If all parts are replaced, is it still the original ship?
Numerical vs. Qualitative Identity
- Numerical identity means being the exact same object across time despite changes in parts.
- Qualitative identity means sharing the same properties or qualities, such as the presence of the original Theseus.
- Some argue Ship A (original) and Ship B (after 1000 years) are numerically identical but not qualitatively identical.
The Paradox Intensifies
- If all replaced parts are reassembled into a second ship, both could claim to be the Ship of Theseus.
- This scenario questions whether either, both, or neither are the "real" ship.
Personal Identity and Change
- Like the Ship of Theseus, personal identity is complex due to constant changes in our physical and mental states.
- Despite these changes, there remains a sense of continuity or sameness over time.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Persistence of Identity — the concept of remaining the same entity over time despite change.
- Numerical Identity — being one and the same thing across time.
- Qualitative Identity — sharing the same attributes or properties, not necessarily being the same entity.
- Ship of Theseus — a philosophical thought experiment about identity and change.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Reflect on how the Ship of Theseus paradox applies to your own sense of identity.