macOS Key Features Overview

Overview

This lecture covers key features, file types, application management, core folders, user accounts, backups, and update/security mechanisms in macOS.

File extensions in macOS indicate the file type and purpose, similar to Windows and Linux.
.dmg files are Apple disk images, like ISO files, mounted as drives in Finder.
.pkg files are installer packages used to distribute and install macOS applications.
.app files are application bundles, containing all necessary files for an app but appearing as a single item to users.

The App Store provides a centralized location for installing, updating, and tracking macOS applications.
Application updates can be installed automatically or manually via the App Store.
To uninstall most macOS apps, delete the .app file from the Applications folder.
Some apps include a dedicated uninstaller (.app) for complete removal.

The Applications folder contains all installed apps, similar to Windows' Program Files.
The Users folder stores personal files for each system user, with subfolders for each account.
The /Library directory holds system-wide resources, scripts, and fonts shared by all users.
Each user has a hidden ~/Library folder in their home directory for user-specific app data.
The /System folder contains core operating system files.

Apple ID uniquely identifies users across devices, allowing app and data sync.
Managed Apple IDs are used for business and administered via Apple Business Manager, supporting Active Directory integration and MDM.
Apple Business Manager allows centralized management of devices, apps, and permissions.

Time Machine provides automatic hourly, daily, and weekly backups, deleting oldest backups as space runs out.
macOS lacks a built-in, single antivirus app, but supports third-party anti-malware solutions.
Users should follow security best practices and keep security software up to date.

Software Update in System Settings manages macOS updates, with options for automatic or manual installation.
App Store updates focus on applications, while System Settings updates focus on the OS itself.
Security responses and system file updates can be installed automatically and are enabled by default.
Beta updates are optional and intended for testing, potentially causing system issues.
Rapid Security Response (RSR) delivers urgent security patches; an OS version letter indicates an applied RSR.

.dmg — Apple Disk Image, a mountable file used for software distribution.
.pkg — Installer package for macOS applications.
.app — Application bundle, the macOS format for executable applications.
Apple ID — Unique user account for access and sync across Apple devices.
Managed Apple ID — Business-controlled Apple account integrated with Apple Business Manager.
Time Machine — Built-in macOS backup tool for automated snapshots.
Rapid Security Response (RSR) — Immediate security updates delivered outside regular patch cycles.

Review the main macOS file types and their uses.
Explore the Applications and Users folders in Finder.
Practice enabling and configuring Time Machine backups.
Check System Settings for software update options and familiarize yourself with RSR.
(If assigned) Read further on macOS security features and file management.