Overview of Skeletal Anatomy

Introduction

• Presenter: Tom from zero2finals.com
• Topic: Overview of the anatomy of the skeleton
• Resources: Written notes and flashcards available at zero2finals.com

Structure of the Skeleton

• Top to bottom overview to build a foundation before detailed study

Skull

• Cranial Bones: Surround the brain
  • Frontal bone (front)
  • Parietal bone (top)
  • Occipital bone (back)
  • Temporal bone (beside the ear)
  • Sphenoid bone (anterior to temporal)
  • Ethmoid bone (near midline, posterior to the nose)
• Facial Bones:
  • Nasal bone (bridge of the nose)
  • Maxilla (connects nose, cheekbones, upper teeth)
  • Zygomatic bones (cheek bones)
  • Mandible (jaw bone, connects to temporal bone at TMJ)

Spine

• Vertebrae:
  • 7 Cervical (neck)
  • 12 Thoracic (thorax)
  • 5 Lumbar (lower back)
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
• Notable Vertebrae:
  • C1: Atlas (connects to skull)
  • C2: Axis

Upper Limb

• Clavicle: Connects sternum and shoulder
• Scapula: Shoulder blade
• Humerus: Upper arm bone
  • Glenoid fossa on scapula forms the glenohumeral joint with humerus
• Elbow Joint: Humerus meets radius and ulna
• Wrist and Hand:
  • 8 Carpal bones
  • Metacarpals (1 to 5, thumb to little finger)
  • Phalanges in fingers and thumb (Proximal, Middle, Distal)
  • Joints: MCP, PIP, DIP, CMC (thumb)

Thorax

• Clavicle: Attaches to sternum at sternoclavicular joint
• Sternum:
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
• Ribs: 12 Ribs
  • Ribs 1-10: Connect via costal cartilages to sternum
  • Ribs 11-12: Floating ribs (do not connect to sternum)

Pelvis

• Bones: Ileum, Ischium, Pubis
• Sacrum: Base of spine, attaches to ileum at sacroiliac joint
• Hip joint: Acetabulum where pelvis bones meet

Lower Limb

• Femur: Longest bone, forms hip joint with acetabulum
• Knee Joint: Femur, tibia (medial), fibula (lateral)
• Patella: Kneecap

Ankle and Foot

• Ankle Joint: Tibia, fibula meet tarsal bones
• Tarsal Bones: Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Navicular, 3 Cuneiforms
• Metatarsals: Numbered 1 to 5 (big toe to little toe)
• Phalanges: Proximal, Middle, Distal (big toe lacks middle)

Study Tips

• Use flashcards for memorization, available at zero2finals.com
• Testing yourself after learning improves retention

Additional Resources

• Zero to Finals Patreon for early video access, comprehensive courses, digital flashcards, podcasts

Conclusion

• Encouragement to comment on usefulness
• Invitation to support via Patreon for additional learning resources