Comprehensive Guide to Skeletal Anatomy

Aug 30, 2024

Overview of Skeletal Anatomy

Introduction

  • Presenter: Tom from zero2finals.com
  • Topic: Overview of the anatomy of the skeleton
  • Resources: Written notes and flashcards available at zero2finals.com

Structure of the Skeleton

  • Top to bottom overview to build a foundation before detailed study

Skull

  • Cranial Bones: Surround the brain
    • Frontal bone (front)
    • Parietal bone (top)
    • Occipital bone (back)
    • Temporal bone (beside the ear)
    • Sphenoid bone (anterior to temporal)
    • Ethmoid bone (near midline, posterior to the nose)
  • Facial Bones:
    • Nasal bone (bridge of the nose)
    • Maxilla (connects nose, cheekbones, upper teeth)
    • Zygomatic bones (cheek bones)
    • Mandible (jaw bone, connects to temporal bone at TMJ)

Spine

  • Vertebrae:
    • 7 Cervical (neck)
    • 12 Thoracic (thorax)
    • 5 Lumbar (lower back)
    • Sacrum
    • Coccyx
  • Notable Vertebrae:
    • C1: Atlas (connects to skull)
    • C2: Axis

Upper Limb

  • Clavicle: Connects sternum and shoulder
  • Scapula: Shoulder blade
  • Humerus: Upper arm bone
    • Glenoid fossa on scapula forms the glenohumeral joint with humerus
  • Elbow Joint: Humerus meets radius and ulna
  • Wrist and Hand:
    • 8 Carpal bones
    • Metacarpals (1 to 5, thumb to little finger)
    • Phalanges in fingers and thumb (Proximal, Middle, Distal)
    • Joints: MCP, PIP, DIP, CMC (thumb)

Thorax

  • Clavicle: Attaches to sternum at sternoclavicular joint
  • Sternum:
    • Manubrium
    • Body
    • Xiphoid process
  • Ribs: 12 Ribs
    • Ribs 1-10: Connect via costal cartilages to sternum
    • Ribs 11-12: Floating ribs (do not connect to sternum)

Pelvis

  • Bones: Ileum, Ischium, Pubis
  • Sacrum: Base of spine, attaches to ileum at sacroiliac joint
  • Hip joint: Acetabulum where pelvis bones meet

Lower Limb

  • Femur: Longest bone, forms hip joint with acetabulum
  • Knee Joint: Femur, tibia (medial), fibula (lateral)
  • Patella: Kneecap

Ankle and Foot

  • Ankle Joint: Tibia, fibula meet tarsal bones
  • Tarsal Bones: Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Navicular, 3 Cuneiforms
  • Metatarsals: Numbered 1 to 5 (big toe to little toe)
  • Phalanges: Proximal, Middle, Distal (big toe lacks middle)

Study Tips

  • Use flashcards for memorization, available at zero2finals.com
  • Testing yourself after learning improves retention

Additional Resources

  • Zero to Finals Patreon for early video access, comprehensive courses, digital flashcards, podcasts

Conclusion

  • Encouragement to comment on usefulness
  • Invitation to support via Patreon for additional learning resources