welcome to this Cher to you sociology topic video on gender and crime looking at Trends in offending and victimization when looking at Trends in offended and victimization there are several methods that can be used to assess the levels of criminality and we're going to use some of these in this video to explain differences between male and female offending and victimization of course with crime there is often a dark figure of unreported crime so many use the crime survey of England and Wales to assess the level of crime this is a survey that is distributed to around 20,000 people annually and this year for the first time was partially conducted by telephone due to restrictions surrounding covid-19 this is then applied to the wider population and for the year ending June 12th estimated the amount of crime in around 12 million incidents in contrast the recorded amount of crime by police was 5.8 million cases which demonstrates the differences between the estimated amounts of crime including the dark figure of crime and those reported to and recorded by the police crime is also measured through self-report surveys with criminals asked to declare crimes that they have committed what is problematic with some forms of crime such as theft or property crime is that people may be unaware of who has committed the act and so often self-report surveys are a good way of measuring the levels of crime between people of different social classes genders and ethnic groups in looking at violent crimes a soul actual body in looking at violent crimes such as assault actual bodily harm Grievous body harm Etc according to the crime survey of England Wales 81% of these crimes were committed by males only with 12% being committed by females only and a further 7% being committed by mixed gender groups this represents an increase over the past 5 years of 6% % on male only offenders and a decline of 7% on female only offenders over the same period of those assaults 28% involves two or more offenders with almost one in five violent crimes being committed by four or more offenders this trend can be explained by theories that look at the socialization of males Concepts such as hegemonic masculinity and subcultural theories next we'll look at robbery and this is from the person rather than from a premises such as burglary 89% of robbery is committed by groups of offenders that are male only in 2009 according to the crime survey of England and Wales just 5% of robbery was committed by females only and 6% by mixed gender groups now the majority of these robberies were committed by those in the 16 to 24 age bracket and most were committed by two or more offenders with almost one in four being committed by four or more offenders offenders again these figures suggest that there are more males involved in criminal activities particularly young males and often these acts will be committed by groups rather than individuals which leads us back to our subcultural theories as an explanation for criminality in comparison to crimes against the person crimes of criminal damage are less likely to know the gender class or ethnic identity of the offender less the third of cases of criminal damage has an offender that has been identified by the victim in those cases where an offender was identified 72% of those were male only 15% female only and 133% from groups of mixed genders interestingly this represents an increase of 5% of female only offenders in 2010 to 15% in the year to June 2020 which demonstrates Chang ing attitudes of females towards the types of crime being committed although with less than a third of offenses being able to identify the gender of the offenders this could be seen as a statistical anomaly moving on to victimization of the respondents in the crime survey of England and Wales almost one in five males reported in the survey that they had been the victim of crime in the past 12 months now this figure does not include repeat offenses however so the same males could have been victim to more than one crime while in wider Society our perception is that females are more likely to be victims a slightly lower proportion of females were victim of crime at 18.9% this suggests that our understanding of who is most likely to be a victim of crime or fear of being a victim of crime could be skewed somewhat and this is something we'll look at in more depth in our video on media reporting of crime the crime survey of England and Wales also shows that there is far higher likelihood of those whose gender has changed from their gender ascribed at Birth to being the victim of crime the 30.7% rate of victimization compared to 20.8% of those whose gender remained the same as that as the gender they were assigned at Birth which highlights a growing problem in society over tolerance towards gender identity now on this slide we can see the likelihood of being a victim of crime is broken down by both gender and ethnicity with the exception of mixed ethnicity groups who incidentally have the highest rate of victimization according to the crime survey of England and Wales there is very little difference between male and female rates of victimization it's notable that white ethnic groups are the lowest whilst rates for victimization of other ethnic groups are higher only in the other category which includes ethnicity such as Turkish and Arabic are males significantly more likely to be victims of crime that concludes this cheetah to you sociology topic video looking at gender and crime focusing on rates of offending and victimization by gender thanks for watching