This video will discuss the
speech communication process. The speech communication
process is a useful model to help understand
what goes on when one person talks to another. It includes seven elements--
the speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback,
interference, and situation. It all starts with the speaker. In public speaking,
this is typically you. The speaker is the person who's
presenting the oral message to a listener. The message can be
affected greatly based on the speaking style of
the speaker, the credibility of the speaker, and also
how the speaker relates to the topic being discussed. The message is
whatever the speaker communicates to someone else. The message includes both
what you say verbally, as well as how you
say it non-verbally. The message is affected
greatly by organization, vocal and physical
delivery, and making sure that the nonverbal
delivery doesn't distract from the verbal message. The channel is
the means by which the message is communicated. So this might be the phone, or
it could be a saved Snapchat, or even face to face. The channel can affect
the message in many ways. For example, if nonverbal
expressions were important but the message was
delivered in audio only, this is going to change
the way that the message is interpreted. The listener is the
person who receives the communicated message. Everything the speaker
says is filtered through a listener's
frame of reference, which is the total of his or her
knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two listeners have the
exact same frame of reference. To be effective, the speech
needs to be audience-centered. So in order to be
effective, you need to find areas that
listeners find important and focus your speech
there as much as possible. Feedback is the messages,
usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. When giving a
speech, you might see smiles coming back
from your audience. And this feedback influences
the way that you as a speaker would continue on
with your message. Or any other type of nonverbal
communication you can think of is going to affect the way
that the message is being sent. Interference is
anything that impedes the communication of a message. It can be external or internal. External interference would be
something like sound outside or having, say, a really
hot or a cold room, where internal interference might be
if your audience members are hungry, or let's say, they're
thinking about problems maybe in a relationship, or
something like that. The situation is the
time and place in which speech communication occurs. All audiences have
some expectation of what will happen
during your speech or during any
communication interaction. If the speech is, let's
say, at a graduation, the audience will have an idea
of what this should be like. Similarly, if the
speech is in a classroom during an informative speech
section of a public speaking class, then the
audience will also have an expectation of
generally what will happen. So again, the speech
communication process is a useful model
to help understand what goes on when one
person talks to another, but it's also
important to understand that this process is ongoing. Now we can have a starting point
where we jump into the model and we can see where our
first message of examination can be sent, but
also, you can think of the speaker could be
whoever is sending the message. So it might be,
let's say, you think of the audience as
the speaker here, sending non-verbal messages. Well, then there's
always a channel. There's always a listener. There's always feedback. And all of these components
of the speech communication process are
continually happening. So this is an ongoing process. And this is something that
is not just a one directional model. It's something that's going
both directions constantly, consistently. And once you
understand that, it's really a useful way to
unpack different meanings of communication situations
to see how everything that's being said, how it's
being said, and really what the content might be
are being really understood by your audience.