Motherboard Components and Communication Paths

Jul 15, 2024

Lecture: Motherboard Components and Communication Paths

Overview

  • Components on a motherboard: CPU, memory, storage, expansion slots
  • Importance of communication between components
  • Modular nature of components

Communication Paths (Bus)

  • CPU and memory communication via buses
  • Physical manifestation of buses on the motherboard

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

  • Definition and history: Standard since 1994
  • Bus sizes: 32-bit and 64-bit, both using parallel communication
  • Shared communication path to a central controller

Types and Characteristics

  • 32-bit PCI Bus: Smaller physical size
  • 64-bit PCI Bus: Larger physical size, parallel communication
  • Voltage support: 3.3V and 5V

Installation

  • Specific slots on cards designate voltage and bus width
  • Installation involves aligning contacts and pressing into motherboard slot

PCI Express (PCIe)

  • Replaces PCI, uses serial communication instead of parallel
  • Communication path called PCIe lanes
  • Supports multiple lanes: x1, x2, x4, x8, x16, x32 (written as b1, b2, etc.)

Serial Connection

  • Simplicity of serial connections: single path in both directions

Usage of Lanes

  • Increased lanes for more bandwidth
  • Example: PCIe x4 lane communication paths

Installation

  • Similar to PCI but with different slot and contact design
  • Installation involves aligning hooks or locks and gently pressing into slot

Example Motherboard Configuration

  • A motherboard with both PCI and PCIe slots
  • Placement of CPU, memory, and expansion slots

Close-Up

  • Zoomed view of PCI and PCIe slots and lane differences
  • PCIe adapter cards have hooks for locking into place

Installation Tips

  • Ensure proper alignment and gentle pressure
  • Adjust settings if installation is difficult