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Understanding Acquired Immunity Mechanisms
Nov 1, 2024
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Acquired Immunity
Overview
Acquired immunity includes:
Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
Aim to simplify complex textbook explanations.
Humoral Immunity
Steps Involved:
Antigen Binding
: An antigen binds to an antibody on a B cell.
Engulfment
: The B cell engulfs the antigen, presenting it on the surface via MHC-2 proteins.
Helper T Cell Interaction
: Helper T cell binds to the complex, releasing cytokines (chemical messengers).
B Cell Activation
: Cytokines induce B cell to divide into plasma and memory cells.
Plasma Cells
: Produce and release antibodies against the specific antigen.
Memory Cells
: Sensitized for rapid response upon re-exposure to the antigen.
Antibody Binding
: Antibodies bind to the antigen, triggering neutralization and destruction.
Cellular Immunity
Activation Process:
Naive T Cell Contact
: Contacts the MHC-antigen complex, becoming activated.
Cytokine Release
: Activated T cell releases cytokines, promoting T cell proliferation.
T Cell Types:
Helper/Inducer T Cells (CD4+)
:
Recognize self vs. non-self.
Release cytokines to recruit more white blood cells.
Regulatory T Cells
:
Prevent immune overreaction.
Suppress immune response via cytokines.
Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+)
:
Destroy infected, cancerous, or damaged cells.
Types of Immunity
Active Immunity
Active Natural Immunity
: Antibodies produced in response to live pathogen exposure.
Active Artificial Immunity
: Antibodies produced in response to vaccine exposure.
Passive Immunity
Passive Natural Immunity
:
Antibodies transferred from mother to baby (placenta or breast milk).
Passive Artificial Immunity
:
Immunoglobulins administered to provide antibodies.
No memory cell formation; helps current infection.
Next Steps
Upcoming discussion on immune system malfunction and infection.
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