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Fundamental Concepts of Photography
Aug 3, 2024
Introduction to Basic Photography Concepts
Overview
Topic
: Understanding how cameras work
Approach
: Basics first, no advanced questions
Goal
: Provide foundational knowledge for future use
Key Concept
: Physics and logic applied to photography
Demonstration: Light and Exposure
Key Points
Water and Light Analogy
: Pouring water to represent light exposure
Large opening: Quick pour (more light in a short time)
Funnel (small opening): Slow pour (same amount of light over a longer time)
Concept
: Same amount of light can expose a picture, whether over a short or long period depending on the aperture size
Shutter Speed
Function and Importance
Shutter Purpose
: Let light into the camera to expose the film
Film vs. Digital
: Foundational film knowledge helps in understanding digital photography
Historical Context
Hasselblad Camera
: Standard of the industry (e.g., 1972 model)
Used the same Carl Zeiss glass as modern Sony cameras
Original cameras: Required a lot of light (e.g., big box cameras with long exposure times)
Mechanical Shutters
Evolution
: From manual lens cap removal to timed mechanical shutters
Demonstration
: One-second shutter speed
Observation
: Shutter speeds typically halve each time (1s, 1/2s, 1/4s, etc.)
Key Concept
: Each halving of shutter speed allows half as much light
Modern Shutter Speeds
Range
: From 1 second to 1/2000th of a second (or faster in professional cameras)
Light Difference
: Significant variation in light exposure between 1 second and 1/2000th of a second
Human Eye vs. Camera
: Human eye can adjust to different light levels (range of 9 stops); cameras must do this mechanically
Aperture and F-Stops
Key Terms
Aperture
: Opening in the lens controlling light entry
F-Stops
: Measurement of aperture size (e.g., f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, etc.)
Concept
: F-stop numbers represent fractions of the lens's focal length
Standard F-Stops
: f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16
Light Relationship
: Each standard f-stop allows half as much light as the previous one (e.g., f/4 allows half the light of f/2.8)
Speed of the Lens
: Determined by its maximum aperture size (e.g., f/2.8 is considered fast)
Practical Considerations
Lens Purchase
: Aperture rating may be adjustable; lenses are often identified by their maximum aperture (e.g., f/4 lens)
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