Resources and Development

Introduction

• This chapter is part of Class 10 Geography.
• Its practical aspects have been discussed in earlier classes like Class 8, 9, and 12.
• A good understanding is developed by studying geography carefully and with interest.

Resources

• Definition: Anything that helps meet our needs is called a resource.
• Examples: House, car, solar energy, etc.
• Characteristics:
  • It should be technically accessible.
  • It should be economically viable.
  • It should be collectively accepted by society.

Classification of Resources

• On the Basis of Origin
  • Biotic
  • Abiotic
• On the Basis of Exhaustibility
  • Renewable
  • Non-renewable
• On the Basis of Ownership
  • Individual
  • Community
  • National
  • International
• On the Basis of Development
  • Potential
  • Developed
  • Stock
  • Reserve

Types of Resources

• Potential Resources: Those not fully utilized.
• Developed Resources: Whose quantity and quality have been determined.
• Stock: Those for which technology is not available currently.
• Reserve: Resources saved for future use.

Resource Management

Resources and Development

• Organizing and equitable distribution of resources is essential.
• Balanced use of resources is necessary for economic, social, and environmental stability.
• Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit (1992) emphasized on resource conservation and development.
• Agenda 21: Focuses on Sustainable Development.

Land Use Pattern

• Arable land
• Forest land
• Barren land
• Non-agricultural land

Soils

Major Soil Types

1. Alluvial Soil
   • Main agricultural fertile land
   • Presence of water
   • Common in plain areas
2. Black Soil
   • Fertile for cotton cultivation
   • High water retention capacity
3. Red and Yellow Soil
   • Red due to the presence of iron
   • Less fertile land
4. Laterite Soil
   • Found in tropical and sub-tropical regions
   • Suitable for rice, ragi, and other crops
5. Desert Soil
   • Desert areas
   • Limited agricultural fertile land
6. Mountain Soil
   • Found in mountainous regions
   • Solutions to erosion problems

Soil Erosion and Conservation

• Soil Erosion: Degradation of soil due to water, air, and other natural factors
• Soil Conservation: Afforestation, terrace farming, fencing

Conclusion

• Proper use of resources is essential.
• Balanced and sustainable development should be ensured.
• Environmental protection and resource conservation are crucial.