Overview
This lecture explains what GMOs are, discusses their presence in food and clothing, debates claims and concerns, and highlights environmental and regulatory issues.
What are GMOs?
- GMOs (genetically modified organisms) are created by adding DNA from one species to another.
- The FDA has approved some GMO crops in the United States for use in food and clothing.
- In the U.S., food companies are not required to label products containing GMOs.
- Many countries outside the U.S. require GMO labeling on food products.
Consumer Concerns and the Non-GMO Movement
- Lack of mandatory labeling has led to consumer concern and the rise of a non-GMO movement.
- The movement seeks clear information and aims to separate myths from facts about GMOs.
Claims and Disputes about GMOs
- Supporters claim GMOs can boost nutrition through “biofortified” foods, but such products do not exist on the market.
- Other claims include higher yields and lower costs for farmers, but these claims are disputed.
Environmental and Safety Issues
- Genetic drift can occur when GMO crops unintentionally transfer genes to non-GMO crops via wind.
- Over 70% of GMO crops are engineered to resist strong herbicides.
- GMO cultivation has led to a 25% increase in fertilizer and pesticide use, contributing to pollution.
- Scientific testing on GMO safety is limited due to patents and private ownership, leaving many safety questions unanswered.
Key Terms & Definitions
- GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) — An organism whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering.
- Genetic Drift — The unintentional spread of modified genes from GMO crops to non-GMO crops.
- Biofortified Foods — Foods with increased nutritional value through genetic modification (not available yet).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Visit lexiconofsustainability.com to learn more about GMOs and related terms.