welcome to watch Mojo and today we're embarking on a journey through the veiled corridors of History unraveling the world's many enigmas and we're starting with historical events that just can't be explained the wow signal as it's now called is considered to be one of the best potential radio communications from an alien life form welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down the most enduringly perplexing or disputed soci social scientific and civilizational Mysteries throughout history they lie neglected for more than a thousand years and art rediscovered until the era of the airplane number 20 the Bermuda Triangle why have so many ships come to grief in these Crystal Clear Seas stretching from Miami to Bermuda and Puerto Rico this Loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic ocean has gained notoriety for numerous aircraft and ship disappearances this has led to various theories including magnetic anomalies extraterrestrial activities and underwater anomalies one time we went out with a sonar plac it at the bottom of the ocean and something sent a magnetic field back up however many scientists dismiss the notion of any nefariousness attributing incidence to human error natural disasters and the area's heavy Maritime and air traffic despite efforts to debunk myths surrounding the Bermuda Triangle its reputation as a dangerous Zone persists in popular culture fueling speculation and Fascination number 19 Lost Colony of Rowan o in 1587 the Rowan o Colony led by Governor John White was established on Rowan o Island North Carolina white returned to England for supplies that year but when he came back in 1590 the entire colony had essentially disappeared all that remained was an earthwork Ford that still stands here the only real clue was the word cro toen carved on a post the fate of the colonists approximately 115 individuals remains unknown to this day theories include assimilation with the croan tribe or struggles for survival The Disappearance of the Rowan o colony is one of the most enduring unsolved historical questions in American Colonial history The Lost Colony remains this mystery that's at the very heart of the origin of our nation number 18 DEET love pass this is the last photo taken by a group of experienced Russian hikers in 1959 a group of nine experienced hikers led by engineering student Igor diof ventured into the Ural Mountains their deaths in what became known as the dlav pass incident perplexed investigators the hiker's tent was found torn from the inside and they fled into the freezing night without proper clothing something drove the group from the tent so fast there wasn't even time to unbutton its entrance or put on the heavy winter gear necessary to survive the conditions outside six com to hypothermia While others exhibited bizarre injuries including a crushed skull and missing eyes and tongues the Soviet investigation concluded with an ambiguous statement of quote compelling Natural Forces theories abound from Avalanches to extraterrestrial encounters but there is no definitive proof of just what happened to cause such a tragedy number 17 the Bronze Age collapse from North Africa to Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean civilization flourished one of the most impactful historical collapses of all time happened around 1200 BCE with the abrupt demise of several Advanced civilizations across the Eastern Mediterranean including the Hittites the means and the Minoans cities were abandoned trade routes disrupted and writing systems vanished the exact cause of this multifaceted collapse remains unknown with proposed factors including invasions by the Sea peoples environmental disasters and socio economic turmoil I do not think that the late Bronze Age collapse would have occurred if it were not for the sea people's being in the mix the interconnectedness of these ancient cultures amplifies the Enigma as the collapse lacked a singular Catalyst the Bronze Age collapse remains a complex historical puzzle illustrating the vulnerability of even the most advanced societies to unforeseen and interconnected challenges number 16 the egyp ipan pyramids exactly how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were constructed especially the Great Pyramid of Giza is a question that is still not fully answered for about 4,000 years it is the tallest man-made structure on the planet built around 4,500 years ago these colossal structures were erected with immense Precision using massive Stones weighing several tons each the methods employed by ancient Egyptians to transport and lift these stones to Great Heights remains unclear the lack of inclusive evidence on their construction techniques considering the advanced architectural achievements of the time still fuels ongoing debates the intricate alignment of the pyramids with celestial bodies only adds to the Intrigue it is aligned to True North within 12th of a degree number 15 Knights Templar this enduringly mysterious medieval Christian military order emerged around 11:19 during the Crusades originally formed to protect Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land they gained immense wealth and influence renowned for their distinctive white mantles adorned with a red cross the Templars developed a sophisticated Financial system becoming early Bankers their clever ways with the finance of Christendom aided in both their wealth and power in 1312 Pope Clement V disbanded the order under pressure from King Philip IV of France leading to arrests trials and the execution of many Templars this marked the sudden and violent end of history's most elite military order Legends and conspiracy theories about them persist often linking them to the Holy Grail it is said they discovered a great secret buried deep beneath the Temple of Solomon number 14 the Holy Grail records show that for 500 years a cup thought to be the Holy Grail was kept in the Church of the Holy Seiler Jerusalem then in 909 ad it disappeared from history speaking of the Grail this legendary and Elusive artifact in Christian mythology has enraptured imaginations for centuries the Chalice Jesus used at the Last Supper which is what the Grail is usually purported to be embodies both spiritual significance and magical qualities it's important because it's a symbol of renewal and power countless medieval Tales including Arthurian Legends depict Knights embarking on quests to find this sacred vessel often encountering trials and Supernatural elements the gra 's nature and location remain disputed and many modern literary and cinematic Explorations are still based on its myth and Legend you have chosen wisely number 13 shroud of Torin for centuries the shroud of turn has become one of the most mysterious and controversial pieces of cloth on the face of the planet another iconic relic of religion the Torin shroud is a linen cloth approximately 14 ft long bearing the image of a man believed by some to be Jesus Christ the cloth displays a faint front and back image of a man with wounds consistent with crucifixion while some consider it an authentic burial cloth of Jesus debates persist over its origin and authenticity carbon dating in 1988 revealed the overwhelming probability that the Shroud was actually a medieval creation but some people of Faith still believe that there is more to the story of the shroud's origin perhaps the answer is as simple as we have been told that we are looking at the sacrifice of a person number 12 Black Death it was one of the worst catastrophes in all of history a devastating pandemic swept through Europe in the mid 14th century the plague resulted in unparalleled mortality rates it is estimated to have wiped out 30 to 60% of Europe's population between 1347 and 1351 while the black death's cause is now identified as the urenia pesus bacterium certain aspects of its historical impact remain contentious it mainly affects rodents and spreads by way of insects questions persist about why some individuals seemingly had immunity the true extent of mortality rates and the precise mechanism of the pandemic's rapid spread Additionally the origins of the plague in Asia and its journey to Europe are not entirely clear number 11 voich manuscript this medieval manuscript stands as one of the world's greatest linguistic and historical puzzles originating in the 15th century the doich manuscript is an enigmatic book filled with indecipherable text and bizarre illustrations despite centuries of scrutiny by linguists and cryptographers its code remains unbroken cryptologists say the writing has all the characteristics of a real language just one that no one's ever seen before named after the rare book dealer Wilfred voyich who acquired it in 1912 the manuscripts purpose origin and meaning remain unknown the pages feature unidentified plants Celestial d diagrams and peculiar humanlike figures theories abound linking it to Alchemy herbalism or even extraterrestrial Origins there are theories that the book might have been written in a kind of encoded Latin number 10 Stonehenge time has taken its toll but this Monument remains a Marvel of ancient engineering a prehistoric monument located on Salsbury plane in England Stonehenge is an icon that has puzzled researchers for centuries constructed around around 3,000 BCE its purpose Builders and the methods used to transport its massive Stones remain unclear the arrangement of the standing stones in a circular pattern suggests astronomical significance possibly aligning with celestial events by constructing Stonehenge these people were creating something which had never been created before it's a bit like their own space program the mystery deepens with the origins of the blue stones transported from Wales over 150 M away the spirit rual and ritualistic aspects of Stonehenge add layers to its allore number nine Jack the Ripper the identity of the infamous killer active in the White Chapel District of London in 1888 remains of gruesome riddle he strikes on the spur of the moment there are some elements which um involve planning like uh avoiding the blood uh spatter the Ripper murdered at least five women leaving a horrible trail of brutality that has inspired much disgusted Fascination over the past century and a half five sworded East End murders became an international phenomenon and the unknown misr responsible for those murders was elevated the realm of Legend the Killer's true identity has never been conclusively established fueling a consistent stream of speculation the lack of definitive evidence the taunting letters sent to the media and the Victorian setting have all contributed to the ongoing Cold Case theorising of historians detectives and amateur sleuths number eight the lost city of at there is a huge amount of unrecorded human history beneath the ocean surface that we don't know very much about at all a mythical Island first mentioned by ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his dialogues has become one of History's Greatest obsessions described as a prosperous and advanced civilization Atlantis supposedly sank into the ocean in a catastrophic event a dazzling civilization destroyed by the gods as punishment for human Pride the lack of concrete evidence and the allegorical nature of Plato's accounts have fueled speculation about the existence and location of Atlantis numerous proposed locations range from the Mediterranean down to Antarctica whether Atlantis was a real place a metaphor or a product of ancient imagination the idea of A Lost Civilization beneath the waves remains enticing number seven the dancing plague dancing is normally a very healthy activity but not this time in the town of sturg France in 1518 people began involuntarily dancing in the streets unable to stop for days or even weeks the dancing phenomenon spread quickly ultimately affecting around 400 individuals all dancing read lless without music or song nothing would stop the dancing some danced to exhaustion including collapsing or even dying the cause of what came to be called a plague remains uncertain with explanations ranging from Mass hysteria to poisoning or infe ction of some kind records from the time provide limited explanations leaving the dancing plague as a bizarre and unexplained event some sources claimed that for at least some portion of the outbreak as many as 15 people were dying a day number six the Mary Celeste hundreds of vessels were lost or abandoned in the Atlantic one of these would become a legend an American merchant ship was discovered a drift and deserted in the Atlantic Ocean in 1872 its crew of seven and the cap Captain's family vanished without a trace the ship's cargo and belongings including provisions and personal items were left undisturbed and no signs of violence or Foul Play were evident but 10 persons the captain his family and crew had vanished without Trace leaving few Clues as to their fate the mystery deepened with the absence of a distress call or clear reason for abandonment was it piracy or Mutiny other potential explanations put forward include natural disasters or sea Quakes but what happened to the Mary Celeste is still lost in time number five the tunguska event a huge explosion occurred in Siberia on June 30th 1908 a massive blast equivalent to 10 to 15 megatons of TNT flattened around 80 million trees over 830 square miles people who observed that thought the end of the world had come Judgment Day divine intervention eyewitnesses reported a fire ball and shock wave but no impact crater was found convincing theories include a comet or asteroid explosion but conclusive evidence has proven difficult to find a shock wave circles the world leaving its mark on seismographs everywhere but no one can understand where it has come from its lack of a clear cause and the absence of a particular Celestial body continue to Intrigue scientists unpredictable and Powerful forces at play in the cosmos still can literally impact us Number Four The Disappearance of Flight MH370 how can a Boeing 777 with 239 people on board simply vanish Without a Trace modernity also holds more Mysteries The Disappearance of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 on March 8th 2014 remains one of the most affecting the aircraft on route from koala lumur to Beijing lost contact with air traffic control and disappeared from radar screens the circumstances surrounding The Disappearance including the sudden change in course and a communication shutdown have raised numerous theories from mechanical failure to deliberate actions the lack of conclusive evidence has fueled speculation leaving unanswered questions about the fate of the 239 people on board and the events leading to the tragedy will we find it I hope so as long as we continue to look there'll be a chance it will be found number three the nascal lines they lie neglected for more than a thousand years and aren't rediscovered until the era of the airplane these massive geoglyphs etched into the desert in Peru by the NASA people between 500 BCE and 500 CE constitute one of archaeology's great discoveries they depict animals plants and geometric shapes and stretch across hundreds of square miles their purpose remains elusive some experts suggest ritualistic or astronomical significance While others even Muse about extraterrestrial connections excavations suggest the nasca lines are sacred sites where people smash pots and make offerings for rain the Precision and scale of the designs visible only from the air are astonishing despite extensive research the true purpose behind the nascal lines remains shrouded in the secrets of an ancient civilization number two the antium mechanism we've had to rethink the history of technology completely as a result of this single object discovered in 1901 from a shipwreck near the Greek island of antia the antia mechanism is an ancient Greek device dating back to around 100 BCE it consists of intricately assembled gears and dials making it an astonishing technological Marvel for its time the antira mechanism has captured the imagination of archaeologists mathematicians and scientists ever since this artifact is believed to be an astronomical calendar or mechanical calculator displaying complex astronomical Cycles its sophistication challenges traditional views of ancient Greek technological capabilities the purpose construction and the precise identity of its creators remain subjects of scholarly debate number one the wow signal the wow signal as it's now called is considered to be one of the best potential radio communication from an alien life detected by se's Big Ear radio telescope in 1977 the wow signal is an unexplained radio signal lasting 72 seconds named after the researcher handwritten exclamation the Signal's origin remains a cosmic mystery its frequency and intensity were theoretically consistent with potential extraterrestrial origin but subsequent searches failed to detect a recurrence that doesn't mean it wasn't ET necessarily it could be that they just sent us one signal and then went away various hypotheses including natural phenomenon or a passing satellite have been proposed but none fully explain the wow signal decades later its origin and nature continue to elude scientists fueling speculation about potential contact with intelligent extraterrestrial civilizations what do you think is the most interesting unsolved mystery from the depths of History it's such a clever extraordinary sophisticated machine completely completely shocking for ancient Greece okay get ready because up next we're delving into the dark heart of the Middle Ages and looking at the creepiest mysteries from that time it's the world's most mysterious book written by an unknown author welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 creepiest mysteries about the Middle Ages the one thing we can say for certain is that the the person who benefits most from their deaths is Richard for this list we'll be looking at the weirdest and most disturbing Unsolved Mysteries from the 5th to the 15th centuries do you have a theory for any of these number 10 the mysterious fate of John cabat and his crew in 1492 Christopher Columbus landed in the modern-day Bahamas thinking he was in East Asia following this other merchant ship captains attempted to find alternate routes to Asia John cavat was funded by Henry iith in his Expeditions his first was a failure his second however was successful as he explored a portion of today's Atlantic Canada still believing he was in Asia his route is commemorated in the cabat straight John kabat makes his first landfall North America somewhere near Newland or Labrador in 1497 cabat once again headed out hoping to find the island of chapu or Japan he runs into a number of Storms and he is never officially heard from again Cavit never returned and there are theories but no definite answer as to his and his crew's Fates did they perish at sea or make an Extended Stay in the new world whatever the outcome of the second voyage all historians agree that John cabitt is responsible for the first English claims in the new world number nine the Children's Crusade in 1212 two Shepherd boys claimed to have received Divine Visions Stefan of CLA in France and Nicholas of alone in Germany it was as if the voice of God was speaking to us do not despair he cried I will lead you to the Holy Land the two amassed thousands of followers and while 12-year-old Stefan LED his to Paris and later Merc Nicholas's pilgrims crossed the Alps into Italy without any help they were facing one single enemy the cruelty of nature he had promised that the Mediterranean Sea would dry up and allow them to reach the holy land but most died on the journey and his Miracle failed to materialize the fates of both groups are uncertain some accounts have them sold into slavery others dying in a shipwreck many settled in Genoa Italy Nicholas may have joined the fifth crusade or died Crossing back across the Alps the sources provide no information at all on what really happened in the Alps the children were certainly the victims of their own Carefree abandon number eight the CERN abbis giant located on a hillside in England this Landmark dates back to between 700 and 1100 CE it's 180 ft High 167 ft wide and features a phus 36 ft in length the figure is fairly open to interpretation as researchers have differing opinions however it's understood that it's likely linked to fertility in the past couples have trekked onto the hillside figure to test it out the giant is very unique in his appearance and um I think people really enjoy that others have theorized that it represents Hercules a Celtic god or even a satirical caricature of Oliver Cromwell in the 1930s a local Bishop attempted to have the figure's manhood covered up without success he still does have an air of mystery uh we haven't sorted out completely number seven the secret recipe for Greek Fire the name Greek Fire primarily refers to the substance used by the Byzantine Greeks in the 7th Century CE credited to kinus of heliopoulos it was used in Naval battles as it continued to burn even on water a mysterious substance that when ignited Burns bright and hot Greek Fire the lengthy duration of the Byzantine Empire has been linked in part to the use of this incendiary weapon and the Empire guarded the recipe so diligently that it remains a mystery what ancient technology spewed this deadly incendiary mixture is not known only that it was called Greek fire there are and have been theories as to Greek Fire's composition since its conception which was probably some sort of petroleum based mixture but we may never know for sure my God you are a magician number six the voyich manuscript strange documents are usually eventually interpreted but not this one the voich manuscript named after the book dealer who acquired it in 1912 is a 240 page codex from the 15th century it contains a language that appears to have been invented by its author as well as numerous illustrations using the illustrations interpreters have divided the book into six sections herbal astronomical Bal neological or methods of medicinal bathing cosmological pharmaceutical and recipes this is how you need to cut up your herbs that you've just seen on the preceding pages the codex has a long history of attempted decryption yet no definite interpretation to date for the time being the voage manuscript remains what it has been for the last 600 years it's a Hall of Mirrors reflecting each researcher's own imagination number five genas Khan's burial site founder of the Mongol Empire genas Khan was a feared powerful and ruthless conqueror history records him as a brutal butcher though he was exceptionally successful in his military campaigns it was at the cost of countless lives as he and his army eradicated peoples and cultures for territorial game such a man must have a formidable tomb right well genghiskhan asked to be buried in secret and his wishes were honored his body was probably repatriated to his birthplace with many precautions taken to conceal his burial place it is sad that his soldiers took his body to an undisclosed location killing anyone who crossed their path in order to maintain secrecy after after the burial they rode 1,000 horses over the grave site the location has never been found it is said that a th000 horses were driven over his grave until every last trace of Jenis Khan had vanished number four the Norse disappearance from Greenland Vikings don't seem like they'd be known for their Vanishing acts however their settlement in haval Fjord in Greenland established in the late 10th century was the sight of a mysterious disappearance the Norse Built Homes farms and a church there and engaged in foreign trade however sometime between the 15th and early 18th centuries the entire population of AAL up and vanished there are no records of their departure or any reasons known as to why the only thing we know is that in 1721 a Danish missionary stopped by and found a ghost town number three the princes in the Tower of London in April of 1483 King Edward IV died of illness the King had two sons in line for the throne 12-year-old Edward V and 99-year-old Richard of Shrewsbury the burden of ruling England now rests on the shoulders of a 12-year-old boy their paternal Uncle the Duke of Gloucester took it upon himself to house the Two Princes in the Tower of London which was the usual place for those awaiting coronation the thing is the two were never seen again young Edward will never set foot outside the tower again there are several theories as to how this happened yet the most generally accepted one is that the two were murdered by their Uncle who was subsequently crowned King a small box was found by builders in 1674 containing two small skeletons yet could not be proven to be the Royal remains there's no reliable record of their death no bodies are found and no one is put on trial number two the dancing plague some medieval Mysteries are just plain bizarre in 1518 in the French city of stasbor a woman named fra trophia walked out into the street and began to dance things got even stranger when the manic dancing began to spread within a week another 34 people were dancing others began to join her performance and Weeks Later between 50 and 400 people were dead from the dancing plague doctors had to intervene to put people in hospital one report from the time claims 15 were dancing themselves to death every day theories in the Middle Ages were abundant such as hot blood or demonic possession more modern theories include food poisoning or mass hysteria the cause however will likely remain a mystery forever number one the green children of woolpit in 12th century suffk England in the village of woolpit villagers found a young boy and girl who spoke an incomprehensible language oh and they had green skin the the children were taken in by a local man Sir Richard deal they refused to eat anything until they found a garden of green beans which they ate with appetite over time the children were converted to a normal diet which rid them of their verdant complexion and were taught to speak English they spoke of how they found themselves transported to woolpit in an instant from their Homeland these days it's theorized that the children were Flemish and that their green tone was the result of malnourishment [Music] okay the strangeness is going to continue because we're about to illuminate historical figures whose deaths are still cloaked in mysterious circumstances for now we have two guns and two killers welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down our picks for the most puzzling deaths of historical figures it seems very strange for us to think that a man like Edgar Allen Poe could just V number 10 Maryweather Lewis he could have found something that would be so frightening to that day and age that somebody might want to kill him for it Mary weather Lewis of the Lewis and Clark expedition mysteriously died at an inn in Tennessee the inke Keeper's wife reportedly heard gunshots in the middle of the night and saw Lewis moving unsteadily asking for water she was too frightened to help him though and by Sunrise he was dead known to struggle with mental health issues alcohol use and finances many believe he died by his own hand but there are many theories about murder too the Latin inscription on the monument basically says I died too young but my country will live out my life for me the inkeeper wife's story is doubted because it was night and she was in a different building leading to theories that lwis was caught in a compromising position and shot by her husband he could have been killed by Bandits or even an assassination plot but we'll never really know we've just uncovered that a senior American Military General named James Wilkinson was tipping off the Spanish about Lewis's whereabouts with encrypted Cipher letters number nine Atilla the Hun after it looked as if he was going to win until is suddenly defeated the leader of the expansive hunk Empire died unexpectedly on his wedding night details vary but it's consistent that guards found the body of AA the Hun in his bedroom the morning after his latest marriage to a woman named ILO the lack of wounds on atilla's body made it unlikely that ILO did anything however Atilla was covered in blood according to priscus it wasn't the Romans who caused atilla's sudden death but booze where did the blood come from the most likely theory is that he got a nose bed in his sleep and it turned into a hemorrhage due to excessive long-term alcohol consumption my Lord AA didn't die at the catalonian [Music] fields but he made may as well have done number eight Martin of Aragon Martin of Aragon ruled over many lands from 1396 until his death in 1410 the king of Aragon Valencia Sardinia Corsica and Sicily could have died from a number of issues some sources cite the plague some say it was kidney failure still others claim it was poison but the most famous account of Martin of Aragon's death deals with a goose after Martin ate an entire Goose he suffered from indigestion Bora the jester came in to entertain the court apparently bora's joke about a deer in the vineyard was so hilarious the king died of laughter never go in against a sicilian when death is on the line number seven Wolf Gang amadas Mozart the prolific classical composer died at 35 years old maybe from an illness maybe from medical malpractice or maybe from poisoning true he was ill for a few months before his death and he did suspect poison but the official cause of death was a severe military fever of course military fever is pretty vague since it refers to bumps on the skin and is not an actual diagnosis Wy wofy soon after he died a rumor spread that another composer Antonio saleri poisoned him but that has been largely dismissed other theories include strep infection kidney disease eating undercooked pork tuberculosis and lack of sun sunlight number six Edgar Allan Poe he became apparently delusional the famed mystery writer was found semiconscious outside of a Tavern in Baltimore Maryland in dire need of medical help and died 4 days later in a hospital how did he wind up in that condition one long-standing theory is that substance use played a big role although po recently joined the temperance movement and the attending physician insisted there were no traces of alcohol or drugs in his body Lord help my poor soul another prominent theory is that PO was a victim of a violent coping gang a group that forced individuals into committing electoral fraud other possibilities include epilepsy syphilis a brain tumor and even rabies po dies alone without it ever being completely clear what exactly he was suffering from number five Vincent Van go don't blame anyone the post impressionist painter died of a bullet in his torso but who shot the gun and why was the bullet buried for so long many believe van go shot himself but his body didn't have powder Burns and he would have had to crawl a mile to get back to the Inn where he was staying his private writings also show that he believed taking his own life was sinful and immoral tempor low of epilepsy was was a brand new disease now the murder theories come in in 1956 a man confessed that he had been harassed harassing ven go in the summer of 1890 it's possible that as an antagonistic gun-loving teenager this man accidentally shot the artist but the van go Museum in Amsterdam is committed to the first Theory number four Amelia aart I wish I could have done it faster the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean reached a mysterious end when she attempted to fly around the globe on June 1st 1937 pilot Amelia aart and her Navigator Fred Nunan began their Journey from Miami Florida on July 2nd they were heading for Howland island in the Pacific Ocean but they never made it reports of SOS calls from her radio give the world hope that she is still alive one of the last radio Transmissions from the plane was about low fuel it's likely that aart and Nunan crashed and sank somewhere in the ocean never to be found however some people believe they crash landed on Gardner Island that they were captured by Japanese forces and that they survived and continued living with different identities aart this is itasa did you receive transmission number three gregori Rasputin come closer examination this Bears all the Hallmarks of a close contact wound although his reputation was less than clean Russian Mystic and faith healer Gregor Rasputin was closely involved with Zar Nicholas II and his family by the end of 1916 a group of nobles decided they needed to protect the Russian Empire From Rasputin's influence first they poisoned the Mystic with cyanide but he was unaffected next he was shot once in the chest only to LEAP up soon afterward and attack the gunman after another shot at close range the body was wrapped in cloth and dropped in the Little nevka River where he eventually died of hypothermia he was wrapped up in linen and he was taken from here to the Courtyard number two Alexander the Great the king of Macedon was 32 years old when he died he had spent most of his 12 ruling years in military campaigns to amass one of the largest empires in history but his death was likely completely unrelated to battle with Architects and Engineers like these we could build cities such as we've only dreamed there are theories of typhoid fever malaria poisoning and West Nile and sephtis but what makes the situation so weird is that Alexander's body didn't start to decompose for 6 days some scientists and historians speculate that he had gilen bar syndrome an autoimmune condition that causes MUSC paralysis which could have made it seem that he was dead while he was still breathing very shallowly writers of all ages seem to have placed a smoke screen around Alexander he has become all things to all men number one Cyrus the Great the ruler of the aimed Persian Empire was known to be unusually tolerant of the many different cultures he conquered what is not known is precisely how he died there are several documented sources about Cyrus's death but they all tell it differently Herodotus said he was beheaded by Queen myus as revenge for killing her son ctisus claimed he couldn't settle a Revolt from a nomadic Asian people Barosa said it happened in battle with the de High Nomads it seems like Cyrus died at the hands of an enemy but which one is Cyrus he names usah it means God is with you do you have any theories about the deaths of these figures our inquisitive Quest is about to lead us into the prehistoric Mists as we conf the puzzle of early Humanity some of the lines are thousands of meters all the way up to 25 miles and this is quite incredible welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down enduring mysteries from The Mists of prehistory inevitably an archology if we don't know what something is for we think of ritual but really it's pure speculation number 10 the purpose of Stonehenge every year a million people descend on Stonehenge they ask the age-old questions about this mysterious Monument this famed prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire England was constructed around 5,000 years ago its Origins have been a topic of speculation with conjectures including an astronomical Observatory a religious site or a place for rituals recent archaeological findings suggest Stonehenge may have been part of a larger sacred landscape including nearby burial mounds and ceremonial Pathways nearly 60 human human burials were excavated here many in that outer ring of 56 pits known as the Aubrey holes the transportation and erection of its massive Stones Some weighing up to 25 tons remains an impressive feat considering the limited technology of the time the alignment of the stones with solstices suggests a connection to celestial events stonehenge's design and construction exhibits sophisticated understanding of mathematics and astronomy by its Builders I what it's probably telling us is about a connection in people's minds between the Sun and the seasonal cycle and how by having the right ceremonials at the right time they could keep in harmony with the cosmos number nine the settlement of the Americas the timing and route of the first human settlement in the Americas have been the subject of extensive research and discussion among archaeologists and anthropologists while the traditional theory suggests migration from Asia to North America via the bearing land brid around 13,000 years ago recent discoveries challenge this timeline there are plenty of unresolved questions about this though like when exactly the migration happened and why the ancient Native American and East Asian genomes are so different sites like Monte Verde in Chile and Bluefish caves in Canada suggest an earlier presence potentially predating the Clovis culture this gave rise to a new theory that humans may have traveled by boat starting in beringia and sailing down the coast some 16,000 years ago these findings imply alternative migration routes including Coastal or island hopping paths genetic Studies have added complexity to the debate indicating multiple waves of migration understanding the initial peopling of the Americas sheds light on migration patterns and the adaptation of humans to new environments number eight the tassili najer rock art numerous paintings some dating back 8,000 years give us a glimpse of how life changed and evolved in the Sahara over the centuries located in the Sahara Desert of Algeria the tassili njir plateau features one of the most important collections of prehistoric rock art in the world the art dating back to the Neolithic period includes thousands of paintings and Engravings depicting a wide range of subjects this 3M tall painting of a Godlike figure is the oldest painting in the area his biceps and horns are symbols of power and strength these Works illustrate a transition from a wetter climate with Savannah likee environments to the current desert conditions the art provides clues about the lifestyle beliefs and environment of the prehistoric inhabitants of the region the depiction of animals such as giraffes elephants and cattle indicate a once diverse and abundant wildlife paintings dating from around 6,000 years ago show people tending large herds of cows but there are also scenes of battles with bows and arrows number seven the extinction of meapa when in recent history the fossils of meapa began to emerge people were as intrigued as they were confused around 10,000 years ago the world witnessed the abrupt disappearance of large prehistoric animals known as meapa including the woolly mammoth saber-toothed cats and giant ground sloths despite its looming presence the giant sloth was a gentle herbivore not really Built For Speed it weighed in at over 2 tons the leading theories for their Extinction are over hunting and climate change but a definitive cause remains elusive some researchers suggest a combination of both factors along with other possibilities like disease and environmental changes the loss of these meapa had profound ecological impacts altering ecosystems and the biodiversity of regions worldwide their Extinction also coincides with the end of the last ice age adding complexity to the understanding of climate and environmental shifts during prehistoric times so one theory of why the mammoth went extinct is that as the climate warmed and the forest red so the mammoth progressively lost its grassland habitat and then the mammoth is extinct number six the Lasco cave paintings this cave in Southwestern France is renowned for its Paleolithic paintings estimated to be over 17,000 years old these paintings depict a variety of animals human figures and Abstract symbols showcasing a high level of artistic skill for the time cave paintings were mostly created with red or black pigments made from rocks some artwork Works were painted directly onto cave walls while some were first engraved into the stone with tools the purpose of the paintings is unknown with potential explanations ranging from religious or ceremonial functions to expressions of early storytelling or documentation symbols repeated across artworks May indicate that those symbols had agreed upon meanings among the artists thus perhaps cave art also represents the earliest form of graphic communication the caves Discovery in 1940 provided inval valuable insights into upper Paleolithic life and art the variety of animals painted including horses deer and large cats indicates a rich biodiversity in the region during that period the paintings also raise questions about the symbolic and communicative abilities of early humans and their relationship with their environment cave artists were prehistoric naturalists their detailed drawings may teach us about the appearance and behavior of animals that have long been extinct number five the origin of language language is probably the hardest problem in science nobody really knows how it works and nobody really knows where it came from inde we can all do it how language began is a complex and unresolved issue in the field of linguistics and anthropology the lack of direct evidence makes it challenging to pinpoint when and how humans developed structured symbolic communication theories on the origin range from a gradual evolution of language from from animal calls to a sudden emergence due to genetic mutations the fossil record of our ancestors and relatives can still give us important clues about the time when we first talked the development of language is closely tied to the evolution of the brain particularly regions associated with speech and cognitive processing the appearance of symbolic artifacts such as cave paintings and carved figurines suggests the presence of abstract thinking and communication skills in early humans number four gole Tee's purpose it's a real mystery here who built this place and more importantly how could they have done it located in Southeastern turkey GOC liepe is one of the oldest Temple complexes known dating back to around 11,000 years ago the site predates Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids challenging traditional views of the development of complex societies goeke consists of massive Stone pillars arranged in circles many carved with elaborate animal motifs and Abstract symbols to Fashion those and carve them and set them up in these structures was just absolutely amazing the site's construction implies a high degree of social organization and communal effort suggesting that religious or ritual activities played a significant role in early societies kcle teepe remains a subject of speculation and possible explanations include a ceremonial site a center for a cult or a Gathering Place for hunter gatherers inevitably in archaeology if we don't know what something is for we think of ritual but really it's pure speculation number three the Venus figurines it's the earliest representation of a human being and it's the absolute root of figurative depiction as we know it the small prehistoric statuettes depicting female figures found across Europe and parts of Asia date back to between 30,000 and 10,000 years ago these figurines vary in style and detail but most share common features such as emphasized breasts and hips the widespread distribution of these figurines suggests a shared cultural or symbolic significance across different Paleolithic societies theories include representations of fertility or motherhood symbols of a mother goddess or simply artistic Expressions some researchers propose that the figurines may have been used in rituals or served as amulets we can see very clearly for instance that the figurine has no head right instead of a head the figurine has a ring it was perhaps worn at time suspended on a string of some sort the variation in their forms from realistic to highly stylized indicates A diversity of cultural practices and beliefs among prehistoric peoples the sexual attributes are key which clearly link this depiction to ideas of reproduction facundity sexuality ideas that are absolutely essential to all of humanity also today number two the nasca lines they lie neglected for more than a thousand years and aren't rediscovered until the era of the airplane Peru is the location of the nascal lines a series of large geoglyphs created by the NASKA culture between 500 BCE and 500 CE the designs visible only from a high vantage point or the air include various animals plants and geometric shapes some of the lines are thousands of meters all the way up to 25 Mi and this is quite incredible the purpose of these lines is still debated with hypotheses ranging from astronomical markers to religious or ceremonial functions excavations suggest the nasca lines are sacred sites where people smash pots and make offerings for rain the geoglyphs were made by removing the reddish brown iron oxide coated Pebbles that cover the surface of the nasca desert and revealing the light colored Earth underneath the preservation of the lines despite being in a region prone to Earth Quakes and wind erosion is remarkable number one The Disappearance of neander tals neander TS a distinct species or subspecies of archaic humans lived in Eurasia until approximately 40,000 years ago their disappearance coincides with the arrival and spread of anatomically modern humans in Europe and Asia if we look at evolution in some way and and ourselves as some kind of Pinnacle of evolution then everything else has to have a secondary position various attempts have been put forward forward to explain their Extinction including competition for resources climate change and a lower reproduction rate but I think the last neats were struggling we know genetically the neand TOs were challenged they had very low diversity very low numbers genetic evidence shows interbreeding between neander tals and modern humans with traces of neander DNA present in the modern Human Genome you know we've got something like 2% many of us in in our DNA of of neander tals the neander Tal's ability to create tools use fire and possibly have symbolic thought and language indicates a high level of cognitive and cultural complexity their disappearance marked a significant event in our Evolution what do you think is the biggest unsolved prehistoric mystery a part of our never-ending quest to find out who we are and where we came from cave art May provide evidence of a time when humans were first able to Edge their thoughts in stone our next countdown is about my that have puzzled Scholars for centuries and warning extreme heads scratching is highly likely why did the nasca construct 300t wide images and mile long lines that they have no way of viewing welcome to watch Mojo and today we'll be counting down our picks for the top 10 archaeological Mysteries it is one of the places where logic no longer makes sense for this list we'll be going over some of the biggest Mysteries related to archaeology including lost locals unexplained occurrences and strange artifacts number 10 moai statues Easter Island arguably the most famous thing about Easter Island the moai statues are a symbol recognized worldwide the moai are considered to be no more than perhaps a thousand years old however it has been established that some of them penetrate down into the ground by a great amount of feet to reveal the rest of the body not just the oversized head and the amount of patternation suggests that they are infinitely older than a thousand years however while nearly everyone can tell you what these huge large-headed statues look like they retain some Mysteries Chief among them for a long time has been how they were transported from where they were carved since they're all so massive this is where a thousand of these figures were carved over maybe five centuries for reasons still unclear these were never delivered but how are any of these monsters moved although sledges were dismissed initially both for their impracticality and attempts to recreate the movement and for the lack of trees on Easter Island these days the prevailing theory is that they walked there or rather that they were walked shuffled along upright very slowly using teams and ropes even so a consensus hasn't been reached scientists are continually uncovering more of this history but it is already clear that this was a remarkably complex society of which the Moi were only one part number nine Sakara bird Egypt is full of mysterious artifacts and ruins while the pyramids and sarcophagi get a lot of attention one of the strangest archaeological finds is only a few Ines long the Sakara bird is an object found in a tomb in the aonomus town in 189 8 an apparent model bird this artifact's exact purpose remains a subject of discussion over a century after its Discovery was it a toy was it a ceremonial object some have even suggested it's an example that the Egyptians may have known about smallscale Aviation given its aerodynamic Tale the Sakara bird has provoked this fascinating discussion as to whether the ancient Egyptians did actually know how to fly while it's too heavy to fly itself the idea has been intriguing to many number eight Bo manuscript it's the world's most mysterious book written by an unknown author named for the man who purchased it in 1912 the voyich manuscript dates from the early 15th century this early codex has puzzled Scholars for centuries the truth is after Decades of dedicated study to try and solve the mystery this strange book seems likely to remain one of our most enduring historical codes to crack written in a language and script found nowhere else the Vo manuscript contains various drawings which depict astrological symbols people creatures and plants not all of them real attempts to decode the manuscript suggest the language may be a constructed one possibly a code written to protect its contents cryptologists say the writing has all the characteristics of a real language just one that no one's ever seen before what makes it seem real is that in actual languages letters and groups of letters appear with consistent frequencies and the language in the voyich manuscript has patterns you wouldn't find from a random letter generator as for its purpose it's generally believed to be a record of herbs and knowledge of the planets however the seemingly coded language as well as the fictitious plants and animals have many wondering if the voyich manuscript could have deeper or weirder Origins there are theories that the book might have been written in a kind of encoded Latin or that an alien wrote it while being held captive in a monastery or that Leonardo D Vinci wrote it as a child number seven stones of Pumapunku located in Bolivia Puma punu is an archaeological site in modern Bolivia constructed by tanaku culture the location's most distinctive and mysterious feature is its stone blocks that is part of the great mystery of Puma punu it seems as though some kind of factory was set up there to make these almost exactly the same it's almost like a Lego system of interconnecting blocks and that is unique on this Earth razor straight and featuring interlocking holes that fit them together like a Jenga Tower these Stones seem remarkably advanced in their construction for being made in the 6th Century ad it's like some giant cataclysm just wiped out this entire area archaeologists are baffled by what Puma punu was how it looked and what the purpose of this enormous structure would have been the Stone's uniformity suggests mass production and highly accurate measurements which flies in the face of what even the tiwanaku successor State the Incas were capable of centuries later Pumapunku has been a popular subject of Fringe theories such as ancient Advanced civilizations or alien intervention there is now very little doubt in my mind that Puma punu was built with some sort of extraterrestrial technology and that its destruction was probably caused by a great flood perhaps the same flood that is described in the Old Testament however they were made these stones are a remarkable feat of engineering number six London Hammer appropriately found in London Texas the London Hammer is a typical iron workman's Hammerhead and part of a wooden shaft the hammer itself was found in the Travis formation it's a concretion of sandstone and it usually takes about 40 million years for this to form that would put it at 140 million years old what makes it so contentious is its potential age many regard it as an anomalous or impossible artifact due to being found encased in Rock from the Cretaceous Era How could a man-made tool exist in Rock from millions of years before humans existed the most common explanation is that a natural concretion effect occurred around a more modern Hammer when we were making steel for tools part of the proc process is to use a blast furnace to remove carbon out of it completely but we always have about2 to 2% left over there's always a carbon signature on our steel but there wasn't any carbon whatsoever that was found in this particular material unfortunately definitive dating of the artifact is likely difficult since it currently resides in a creationist Museum which does not allow tests on their proof number five Stonehenge one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world World Stonehenge is a ring of stone megaliths in Southern England standing here in the shadow of these huge Stones these Mega liths you can't help but be in awe of those ancient Builders constructed sometime between four or 5,000 years ago stonehenge's exact purpose has never been confirmed since its Builders left no written records the reasons vary from the astronomical to the Supernatural still the site has been a burial ground from Millennia in the 1920s nearly 60 human burials were excavated here many in that outer ring of 56 pits known as the Aubrey holes but the discoveries were hardly acknowledged in addition to why it was constructed how has also been a matter of debate although some are incredulous that the huge Stones could have been moved the many miles from where they were cut without modern tools several explanations have been offered and even demonstrated the predominant Theory as to how the megalithic blocks were moved is that the builders fashioned sledges and rollers out of tree trunks to Lug the blue stones from the Pressley Hills then transferred them onto rafts and floated them first along the Welsh coast and then up the river Avon towards Salsbury plane but however much we learn about it Stonehenge will always maintain its Mystique why is it here what's it for how was it built the answer ERS are lost in the mids of time Number Four indis River Valley Civilization also known as the harapin civilization this ancient Society lived in the indis river valley in what is now India and Pakistan some 5,000 years ago making it one of the earliest civilizations on Earth no less than a thousand sites have been discovered in a region covering a million square kilometers the Indus born of the Himalayan snows and bounded by Pakistan and India is 3,000 km long its Valley was home to a flourishing civilization despite its storied history many things remain a mystery about it Chief among these are its writing system and its Fate The indis Script lacks a proverbial Rosetta Stone so it has yet to be deciphered however some theories exist as to why it disappeared in 1977 British researcher David Davenport discovered that part of the archaeological site showed evidence of having been destroyed by an extremely powerful explosion the prevailing reasons for its decline are outside Invasion possibly from Central Asia as well as climate change and natural disasters leading to drought and forcing its people to migrate number three lost city of haliki haliki has always eluded those who have searched for it the ancient Greeks told of a city that sank beneath the waves welcome to the city of Atlanta no not Atlantis haliki unlike that legendary location haliki is confirms to have been a real place once part of the aen league haliki sank underwater after an earthquake and tsunami devastated it in the 4th Century BC this is a haliki fault we think this is the Fault surface was probably responsible for the earthquake that destroyed a hiiki we know from an earthquake in 1861 that this fault has one peculiar quality it makes the ground sink for decades in the 20th century archaeologists and Marine explorers searched for heli's location it was finally discovered in 2001 however while haliki has been rediscovered there are still many secrets to uncover about this lost city and its location underwater makes research a tough proposition number two the anti-am mechanism computers are a modern invention right wrong recovered from a shipwreck off the coast of the Greek island of the same name the anti-ra mechanism is one of the oldest analog computers ever discovered dating from somewhere between the 3rd and 1 centuries BC if it hadn't been discovered when it was in 1901 no one would possibly believe that it could exist because it's so sophisticated the mechanism was designed for predicting not only the positions of the five observable planets in the night sky but also eclipses decades in advance Clockwork mechan isms were previously thought to not have been invented until centuries later and given its complexity it seems certain that the ancient Greeks had made other devices of similar construction and capability it's rewrites the history of Technology it tells us that things were going on in 2 Century BC Greece which we had no idea about we still don't know how the mechanism was constructed with the tools available at the time or what other mechanical wonders they made some have argued that it's so complex the Greeks couldn't have made it at all there are even some who say it must have been created by aliens number one Bronze Age collapse during the 12th century BC the cultures of the Mediterranean Sea experienced violent upheavals that led to many of them either declining or falling outright the suddenness of the collapse has intrigued archaeologists and historians for centuries records of the time indicate raids by so-called sea peoples which may have contributed to political instability the Advent of iron weapons may have also led to more losses by existing civilizations who didn't adapt quickly enough there's also evidence of a succession of disasters including volcanic eruptions and earthquakes pollen samples also suggest a period of higher heat and climate change could have led to Drought the most common explanation involves some or all of these a perfect storm that led to this massive sus societal collapse it's only fair that for our last video we provide some answers yep here now are some ancient Mysteries that have finally been solved I was convinced this was the place welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 ancient Mysteries that were finally solved archaeologists are able to give clear answers to these questions for this list we're looking at baffling historical questions that have recently Reed received likely and widely agreed upon explanations what do you make of these answers number 10 The Impossible Egyptian sculpture housed in the National museums Scotland is this so-called impossible Egyptian sculpture just a tiny thing it depicts a young Pharaoh sitting in the lap of a mysterious person whose face has been unfortunately sheared off for a long time neither the Neer nor the Pharaoh could be identified making the sculpture even more impossible to discern was the fact that pharaohs are never depicted with non-royal individuals in ancient sculptures but thanks to recent work done by the Museum's curator Margaret Maitland the mystery has finally been cracked this statue was made by a cult at Dar El Medina which was given exclusive permission to depict Kings with non-royals it likely depicts a young Ramsey II sitting on a cult leader named Ramos number nine Atlantis of the Sands Iram of the pillars Atlantis of the sands call it what you will but everyone has heard of the Arabian city that was swallowed by the ground as with many Legends experts have found that there may be a kernel of truth behind the Tale in 1992 archaeologist Nicholas clap found an old fortress buried under the sand in Oman over 2,000 years old this Fortress Is thought to have collapsed into a sinkhole and became the source of Legend further work postulates that this Fortress was part of a trading City area known as ubar that figuratively collapsed once the Fortress fell and the demand for in sense decreased number eight the honeycombed skull of Otranto on the very Eastern tip of Italy lies the coastal town of Otranto which was targeted in 1480 by Sultan Meed II during his invasion of Rome this Skirmish resulted in the Martyr of Otranto some 800 local men who refus to convert to Islam their skulls are proudly displayed in the Cathedral of Otranto and one is honeycombed with 16 perfectly round holes so what exactly caused these perforations the question baffled historians for centuries until the University of Pisa provided an answer in 2015 they acknowledged that the holes were made by a surgical saw in the late Middle Ages as bone Powder made from religious Martyrs was thought to Aid in various Health afflictions number seven pukio found in southern Peru are a number of spiral Wells tunneling deep into the ground these spiral openings are called pukio meaning Source or spring and they're formed from a wall of stacked rocks not only is it an amazing site but it's an amazing feat of Agriculture these holes form part of an irrigation system meant to bring fresh water throughout the dry desert but for a long time we didn't know exactly how they worked well that was answered by Rosa Las Panara and Italy's Institute of methodologies for environmental analysis they not only proved that pukio are prehispanic they also explained that the intricate system of pukio utilized wind to push water through a series of underground canals number six the water of Palmyra found smack in the middle of Syria is an ancient city called Palmyra this was an extremely prosperous City during the Roman Empire thanks to its prime location on Ancient trade routes the kings of Palmyra notably the famous Queen Zenobia confronted the Romans and in fact at times managed to conquer major parts of the Roman Empire there was just one problem that baffled historians for years how did such a massive mive City thrive in the middle of the desert the University of Bergen worked with members of the Palmyra Museum to find answers using satellite photos they studied the surrounding land and realized that buried Grassroots kept rainwater on the surface this rainwater would then form a shallow river called ATI and it was collected using a series of dams and cisterns nature provided and humans did the rest number five Roman concrete called Opus kiman tium by the Romans their concrete was a special kind of sturdy Roman concrete it has the great advantage that can be made by semiskilled people concrete is notoriously unreliable and prone to cracks and breakage yet Roman concrete structures are still standing after thousands of years so what gives it's as easy as Ash and lime a volcanic substance known as poyan Ash was used in the production of Roman concrete which prevented cracks from spreading Roman concrete is a mixture of lime sand s water of course Aggregates basically it's modern concrete this was further backed by research done by Stanford's tisana vanorio who found a natural concrete like material at the volcanic region of Cy FL but that's not all not only were cracks prevented from spreading they completely self-repaired thanks to the presence of lime number four the Great Pyramids the Great Pyramids have long been a mystery their answers known only to those who built them they could be considered the world's most startling architectural achievement so much so that we still don't know for sure all the details of their construction built more than 2,000 years before the birth of Christ these stone giants continue to mystify and Captivate archaeologists seeking to understand their Origins and purpose but many answers have been revealed over time we know they used the Nile to fairy Limestone and that they quarried the blocks from nearby Central field when the water level was at its height the blocks were floated Downstream on barges they were then unloaded onto a specially constructed Landing wall a massive ramp was also built via which the great blocks could be hauled to their destination as the pyramid took shape we know they took hundreds of thousands of laborers roughly 20 years to build and we know they used ramps to build the pyramids in horizontal layers perhaps most exciting was an abandoned Quarry found in 2017 which helped answer how the blocks were made and confirmed that 250 could have been produced in a single day such an awesome feat would never be attempted again number three the Maya calendar it's frankly amazing what ancient civilizations knew about the universe constructed in pre-colombian meso Amer the Maya calendar baffled Scholars with its use of 819 days they correctly posited that it had something to do with the planets and their orbits but the timeline simply didn't match with the calendar string of natural disasters with intensities not seen in recent times struck our modern civilization the problem was that we were thinking too small it wasn't just 8819 days that we had to look at that was just one of 20 different periods that encompassed a total of 16380 days or approximately 45 years it's amazing the almost organic understanding that the Mayan's have of mathematics a Mastery which also LED them to conceive of the number and the concept of zero when viewed through this 45-year window the orbits of the observable planets line up perfectly the Mayas used a very complicated system of calendars they used some 20 calendars all together there were three primary calendars that were critically important to them the mystery was finally cracked by Scholars working at tulan University who published their findings in the journal ancient mesoam number two Troy for a long time the existence of Homer's Troy was under question it's a story that's been told and retold by Poets and actors for thousands of years but is it real did the city of Troy actually exist the ancient Greeks believed the city was real but this opinion eventually fell out of favor for many years most people regarded Troy as a fanciful place of Legend in this place the ancient believed Troy had stood that is until 1871 when Hinrich schleman and Frank Calbert began their excavations in modern-day hisc turkey found on the west coast of the country the city of Troy contains nine distinct layers as new settlements would be built on the ruins of others schan with his interest in Homer was not the first in this area Frank Calver a British expatriate had been living in the area from 1845 onward he grew up in this area and gradually amassed a tremendous amount of textual evidence for where Troy lay many experts believe that Troy 6 was the city upon which the mythical Troy was based while the truth of The Iliad remains cloudy there is no doubt that Troy itself existed in some form history can never confirm if Homer's Heroes ever lived nor whether the legendary trojan horse ever existed but thanks to Modern archaeology the city in which Homer placed his Heroes the lost city of Troy is lost no more number one the vanished Army of cises II ruling the aimed Empire between 530 and 522 BC was cambes II shortly before his death cambes II sent an army of 50,000 men to intimidate the Oracle of Amun in the siwa Oasis of Egypt however the entire Army fell victim to a massive sandstorm St and was lost forever they were said to have been lost with Trace but is it just legend or terrible truth it sounds like a fanciful tale and for many years that's exactly how it was regarded the primary source is Greek historian Herodotus who has been known to spin a tall tail and no physical evidence was ever found for the Persians this must have been a huge burden the logistics make it virtually certain that cis's Army could not have been as vast as Herod has said that is until 2009 when Brothers Angelo and Alfredo castillon found Persian tools and human remains near the Oasis according to the University of lcha it was quote the first archaeological evidence of the story's veracity many have searched for this Army but all have searched along the Oasis route the Oasis of dla farafra aala then across the desert up to siwa we worked on a different hypothesis since these Oasis were under the Egyptian rule all right well that's going to do it for this special mysterious look through history I've been Matt from watch Mojo and I'll see you next time