let's meet some of the models think of this portion of the lecture as your chance to get to know more about some of the transition metal and figure out their chemical personality and find your favor so here are some of the transition Medals of period 4 what a lot of our examples would focus on but they're not going to be the only transition medal that important okay these elements are in the same period so they're bound to have some kind of similar characteristics but for now let's just learn a bit about each first one is catwalk and going to be Scandium so Scandium is actually named from the Latin word Scandinavia and it's found in the Earth's crust so it's actually very rare it's going to exist mainly at the plus three oxidation state it's actually a soft silvery metal like we see here but in compounds you'll see it as white okay and the reasons why is because Scandium compounds normally are going to have field de orbitals when you have field de orbitals a lot of times you're going to see white compounds and when we don't have field the orbitals for these transition metals you'll see color compounds and before we talk about that further as we go along next up is the hard strong silvery metal that is titanium okay and it definitely has its name derived from the titans of Greek mythology so it's actually has a low density high strength it's used in jet engines to make the pipes and pumps and reaction vessels and it's found in a lot of um different Cosmetics I would say as well okay now one cool thing about um Titanium and a lot of other transition metals as we go along especially in period 4 and a lot of them as well outside of period 4 is that they can have different colors based on their oxidation number so here we're going to have titanium 4 so this is going to be titanium the plus4 oxidation number but if you were to have Titanium with the 3+ oxidation number you actually can form a compound with it that is going to be purple for example and we'll be seeing that as we go along next up is vadium okay it a soft ductile silvery white metal as we can see here okay um it's going to be named after the Scandinavian goddess the native well for us I always remember Freya from moris methol I again it's going to be named because of the variety of colors of salt that it forms a lot of times you see badium mix with water Metals for like jet engine parts ramics blast Etc a lot of the principal oxidation state meaning the most stable compounds that it forms is going to be when vadian is going to be at plus five it's very hard and corrosion resistant so you want to have these kind of vadian elements portion of it so that you can always keep your metals and your metal compounds up okay folks now vadium can have um different oxidation states that give different colors so for example instead of this blue compound that we see here if you have vadium 2+ you could have a violet compound for example all right and next up we're going to have good old chromium now chromium is also a rare element is going to be important in industrial materials the name is derived from the Greek word color which is chroma um again because of the wide variety of colorful salts that it produces so you see one of the colors yellow here and because of the varying oxidation States you can have different colors so when you have chromium 3+ or sorry chromium plus three um that is going to be in aquous solution you actually can get the color green for example and again um when it comes to chromium it's usually going to be hard and brittle and it's going to have compounds that are stable when you have chromium plus two plus three or plus six next up is manganese okay it's going to be a hard gray white metal which is very brittle and it's pretty reactive because it's going to exist in all oxidation States from plus two all the way to plus seven that means it also can have various colors as well so here we have more white compound but we also can have manganese plus 7even which can produce purple compounds for them they're going to be used for um anything that has manganese in it is going to be used for producing heart steel which can be used for rock pressures and armor plates and when you're thinking of Manganese we also speak of the Latin word for magnet so maganet is going to be the Latin word for magnet um since these magnes compounds can actually form different types of magnets if would you can also use them for like coloring agents for paints of in and one cool thing about it what we'll see with other transition metals some of them can be dietary supplements so if you take manganese it's going to be good for like your bone he for example now on to one of our most abundant models right our iron transition metal which which is going to be the most abundant heavy metals appears white and lustrous we do see the forms here of iron that's going to be like that brownish color it definitely has formed already some oxides on it it has it's very highly reactive okay and it's always going to have the oxidation states of plus two and plus three that's where the chemistry of the iron is really going to come from okay so as you can see it does have different colors that can form we have this like reddish color here but you also can have like iron 2 plus in some compounds that can form um our really like a brownish black colored as well and as we're going through the transition metals and talking about some of these compounds the cool thing is in lab we we'll be able to recognize a lot of these transition metals in the compounds they form as we go along and see all the labels on the chemicals okay now we're thinking of the name is going to come from the anglosaxon word metal or iron okay and so it also can come from the Latin word phum so sometimes you'll see like um when you're naming Metals in general we got to iron or naming like transition metals it always to have those oxidation state so when I was talking about Metals as well remember we do have to have the oxidation state in those parentheses for all the different mans that's why oxidation States is important and we know Iron is so ubiquitous right structural steel Automotive Part um Nails machinery and of course like we were saying before oxygen transport in our blood so literally is transporting oxygen to our brain for example all through our blood and circulation that's probably one of the most important portions of iron to the human experience what's next is going to be our Cobalt another Rare Element that's going to appear our bluish white okay so of course it is kind of hard to see all the perfect like illustrious portions of the metals um you will have to get better pictures for that but of course I am kind of showing you what it looks like as an element and in compound form and as many as we go through all the examples for period for okay so for Cobalt just know that it's using a lot of Alloys and alloy is going to be a mixture of metals so it's using stainless steel which is a mixture of metals it always is going to have more stable compounds when it has a plus two or plus three oxidation state and it's actually named for the German word for Goblin so the German word for Goblin is poal so because of like basically um a bunch of miners went in they start to try to get poal um or silver from all these different minds and they ended up heating up this ore that have calt in it and it actually end up having so much different types of orable fumes and that's why I got kind of like that Goblin name okay now Cal is going to be used for a variety of things but with definitely chemical reaction Catalyst meaning it can't be used up in a reaction but you can use it over and over and over to make reactions faster also there an orthopedic implant which is pretty cool um and one of the coolest parts of course is that it's a component of vitamin B12 so that's going to be helping with energy metabolism and of course nervous system function now when we get into nickel over here we see that it does have a green compound as well but it's a silvery white metal when it's in when it's its own element okay it has high electrical and thermal conductivity resistance to corrosion like we see with a lot of these transition Mets right and the plus two oxidation state is going to be the most stable for now the name is actually derived from the fact that people used to basically try to use nickel um as a form of copper okay or false copper and so was given like this another German term comfor nipple which means like um old Nick copper or something like that and I just remember it being okay old Nix copper it's like a false copper or fake copper and so because nickel was mistaken for it that's kind of how it got its name and so a lot of these are going to be found in ores that have a lot of mixtures of other types of metals as well you can use this nickel for coinage obviously um musical instruments like saxophone batteries and coding of surfaces because it's so resistant to corrosion so it's just a lot of different options for it and of course both Cobalt and nickel can have different colors so we have this Cobalt here we know if I have calt um plus three I can actually have a yellow color instead of the reddish color I see here and then if I had nickel plus two I actually can get a yellow or blue color instead of the green we see here so the fact that we can have a lot of different color compounds definitely helps us as well when it comes to Industry um being able to isolate some of these compounds as well and for identifications of things that you actually have in solution for example and we're down to our last two models of the period forward transition metals copper and zinc so let's start with copper the most widely abundant one that we ever see in natural ores okay so that means you'll see copper in a lot of different ores or those rocks um that actually have different transition metals and minerals within it so because of that you can actually see copper being separated in a lot of different ores as well when you want to use it for other things High electrical conductivity and it's resistant very resistant to corrosion likes to form stable compounds with copper plus two oxidation state okay and it got is named from the old English name par which is in turn coming from Latin Latin word because it came from the fact that they come from the island of Cyprus and back in those times it was the Mediterranean area that actually was the leading supplier of pop so when it comes to language the Latin word which just like okay uh cyon and then of course the English turned into copper so that's why they got that okay copper is very malleable ductile and it's usually going to be this reddish brown metal that we normally see here obviously we can see it in different um compounds of as well because we have that color it's basically telling you that copper can also have multiple colors of different oxidation States so if we have like copper plus two oxidation state here we can actually get a black color a blue color or green color depending on what it's attached to okay so there's a couple other things about it oh we use it for like electrical wiring coins like Penny raw sculptures Electronics Roofing gutters we use it for so many different things especially with the structural portions like electrical wiring okay folks but it definitely can corrode when exposed to air so a lot of times you will see different platings in top of it as well so it can basically try to keep the copper as long as possible one cool thing is also we talked about Alloys which will mixtures the metals and um you do see a lot of copper that's going to be brass or sterling silver even 18 pair gold so now let's get into zinc our last period for transition metal it's very white and lustrious okay it's highly highly active metal it's used for Galvin in steel which means that it's providing a layer of protection for coating because it's highly um it's not as corrosive right so for example the copper that I already know is going to corrode if it had if it was galvanized with zinc on top of it for example then it won't corrode um as fast because the zinc is going to protect it you see what I'm saying also zinc is going to form colorless salts and normally the plus two oxidation state so that means that zinc you won't see it in a lot of different colors you actually have a full um electrons filled in all the D orbitals so it normally is going to have a lot of basically colorless types of compound okay dink on its own though does have that white and lustrous kind of view to it now the name is derived from the German word for the metal which is zinc right um but it also could be in turn related to the Persian word for stone which is also zinc okay and so um you see zinc in a lot of sunscreens fer fertilizers batteries again Coatings for steel or different types of other transition metals because it definitely is resistant to corrosion okay also zinc is another dietary essential you can take zinc and use it for enzymes which helps speed up chemical reactions in the body immune support and wound healing so a lot of options when it comes to all these different period for transition methods all of them are not going to be something we focus on but you will be able to see a lot of them as we're going through this entire journey of chapter 19 T that's why it's always good to try to get little details of them to help you remember small little amounts if you can so if you do see any of these PR for transition medals in your compound fear not always stop yourself and just try to remember tiny little things about them just to help you not uh basically decrease anxiety when you see thek okay folks now let's go ahead and talk about some things that are not the period for transition me