Complete HTML and CSS Course Notes
Introduction
- Objective: Learn to build websites from beginner to professional level.
- End Goal: Build a clone of YouTube.
- No prerequisites: Suitable for absolute beginners.
- Focus: Basics of HTML and CSS, steadily building up major skills to professional level.
- Exercises: 100+ exercises along the course.
- Reference provided: HTML and CSS reference guide.
- Software Required:
- Web Browser: Google Chrome recommended.
- Code Editor: Visual Studio Code recommended.
- Installation: Search and install from Google.
Basics of HTML
- HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): Used to create websites.
- Structure of HTML:
- Tags: Instructions to computer.
<button> and </button> for button.<p> and </p> for paragraph.
- Elements: Instructions like buttons, paragraphs.
- Syntax: Rules for writing HTML.
- Opening and closing tags.
- Tags contain content.
- Attributes: Modify element behavior, e.g.,
href, target.
- Example:
<a href="url" target="_blank">Link</a>.
- HTML File Creation: Steps
- Create and open a folder in VS Code.
- Create and save file with
.html extension.
- Write basic HTML code and save.
- View in browser via 'Open with Google Chrome'._
Basics of CSS
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Styles website aesthetics.
- Example Project: YouTube and Twitter button styling.
- Basic CSS Syntax:
- Selectors: Determine which HTML elements to style.
- Properties and Values: Define styles;
property: value;.
- Example:
button {
background-color: red;
color: white;
border: none;
}
- Common Properties:
- Background color:
background-color
- Text color:
color
- Border:
border
- Height and width:
height, width
- Padding and Margin:
padding, margin
- Fonts and Text Alignment:
font-family, font-size, text-align
- Box Shadow:
box-shadow
- Transitions and Transforms:
transition, transform
- Flexbox and Grid: Powerful layout systems.
- Flexbox: Flexible layouts.
- Grid: Grid-based layouts.
HTML Structure and Layout Techniques
- Basic Structure: DOCTYPE, HTML, HEAD, BODY
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Content here</p>
</body>
</html>
- Nesting Elements: Elements can contain other elements.
- Grid and Flexbox Layouts:
- Grid syntax:
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 100px;
}
- Flexbox syntax:
.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
- Box Model: Margin, border, padding, content.
Advanced CSS Techniques
- CSS Pseudo-Classes: E.g.,
:hover, :active
- Transitions and Animations: Create smooth change effects.
- CSS Positioning:
- Static: Default position.
- Relative: Positioned relative to its normal position.
- Absolute: Positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor.
- Fixed: Positioned relative to the viewport.
- Sticky: Toggles between relative and fixed.
- Responsive Design: Use media queries for different screen sizes.
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.container {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
- Semantic HTML: Elements like
<header>, <footer>, and <main> for better structure.
Final Project: YouTube Clone
- Project Breakdown:
- Header: Logo, search bar, user icons.
- Sidebar: Navigation links.
- Main Content: Video grid layout.
- CSS Techniques Utilized:
- Flexbox and Grid for layout.
- Position properties for sticking elements.
- Media queries for responsiveness.
- Code Structure: Files and Folders Organization.
- Separate CSS files for different sections (header, videos, sidebar).
- Testing: Compare with design and adjust.
Additional Features
- Tooltips: Using CSS for hover effects.
- Comments in code: Improve readability and maintainability.
<!-- This is a comment -->
/* This is a comment */
Next Steps
- JavaScript: Learn JavaScript for interactivity.
- Resources: HTML and CSS reference guide, Google for specific queries.
Thank you for taking the course: Build complex websites using these fundamentals.