Hola clase, buenas tardes. Yo soy profesora McGarry. This is our first lecture in Espanol. So welcome, bienvenidos.
We're going to start with our first chapter one lesson, which is going to be the section called Contextos. Contextos is the textbook's way of putting the chapter in a... context and so that's their word for the vocabulary section.
Okay so we are going to start with the contextual section, capítulo uno in your textbook and that's on page two. So it's entitled hola hola que tal and this is the chapter where we're going to uh discuss greetings and how to say farewell to people and just those those basic introductions of courtesy that we um uh things that we say to people when we first meet them okay all right so um if you look at página dos page two in your textbook you're going to see that in the middle of a page between pages two and three you have um pictures And you have some dialogues. So we're going to do those in a little while.
And on the left-hand side on page two, you have más vocabulario. So that's a list. And we're going to start there.
Okay, so we're going to start with the list and we'll go through it and we'll explain some of the words on the list. And we're going to add some more things. We're going to structure everything for you.
So as we go through this lecture, as you go through all the lectures that I give you, you should take some good notes, okay? So it's just like if you were in class, things that you want to remember. You're welcome to go back and watch these videos again as often as you need to, but it's a good idea to take notes in case you don't have time to do that, then you can refer to them in your workbooks or in your notebooks. Okay, so let's start with the first part of the vocabulary. Repetan conmigo, repetan.
Okay, hola. Buenos días, buenas noches, hasta la vista, hasta pronto. Okay, so let's put some of this on the board. And I'm going to start here with saludos.
Saludos is the same as the word in Charlotte's Web. salutations. It means greetings. And the first greeting that we learned in this little list is hola. So that's very generic.
That you can say to someone at any time during the day. Then we have specific greetings for certain times of the day. So um En la mañana, in the morning, we say buenos días. And then this doesn't appear in your textbook, but you should know. Let me move this over a little bit here so that you can see it better.
So then in the afternoon, we say buenas tardes. And at night, you would say buenas noches. So, buenas tardes is also used in the early evening.
So, around 7 o'clock, you can still say to someone buenas tardes. So, buenas tardes can mean good afternoon or good evening, depending on the time. Okay.
All right. Now, then we're going to add here despedidas. And despedidas.
comes from the verb despedirse, which we're going to learn in chapter seven, which means to say farewell. So these are our words of goodbye. And there are two of them, right? We have hasta la vista and hasta pronto. The word hasta actually means until.
It literally means until. So basically until soon. But that's how we say it in Spanish. That's not how we say it in English.
We say see you soon. Right? So there are a lot of expressions where in English, we would say see you, like see you tomorrow, see you later. And then in Spanish, they would use the word until, until tomorrow, until later.
We translate them see you. But when, if you want to like create more expressions that you can use, then what you would use is hasta. And then you add hasta then to like, let's say later.
See you later would be hasta luego. Hasta mañana. Okay?
So that's how those work. You can even say like if our class meets, let's say on Tuesdays and Thursdays, see you Thursday. Right?
Or until Thursday. Hasta el jueves. You can use that in a lot of, see you next week. Hasta la próxima semana.
Okay? So there are other expressions that you can say that you can kind of create with the language a little bit using this expression. So you're not limited to what the textbook says. And you're going to see in the dialogues that they do that.
Okay? And then I don't think it's there yet, but you're going to see it in the dialogues. We have adios.
And that's very... generic adios, right? The most well known goodbye in Spanish. We have a very informal way with friends that you can use this expression. Ciao, that's the Spanish way.
In Italian, it's spelled differently, but in Espanol, ciao. Very popular in Latin America, especially in South America with, you know. youth, with their friends, chao. Probably not something that you would say formally, so if you're in a job interview afterwards, you probably wouldn't say chao. And then nos vemos, and this is we'll see each other, we'll see ya, like, oh, we'll see ya, yeah, nos vemos.
So here you have a list of saludos and despedidas that are very common, and that you're going to see in the little dialogues. we're working with. Great. The next expressions in our list, repitan conmigo. You can repeat with me. ¿Cómo se llama usted?
Le presento a... Te presento a... El nombre.
Okay, so let's start with the first one. ¿Cómo se llama usted? So that is our way in Spanish to basically ask someone what their name is. It literally means, how do you call yourself?
Right? And in Chapter 7, that will become really clear why we use that. But for now, we translate that as, what is your name? But it's, what is your name in Spanish would literally be, ¿Cuál es tu nombre? Right?
But it's an idiomatic expression we actually ask. a little bit different. Okay.
Now, this expression is a formal expression. This is the expression that you would use with someone that is elderly or a stranger to you or someone in a position of power or someone who has a title, right, who has a position of authority. And with those people out of out of respects a u-form that is formal and then for people that are your friends that are your cohorts your peers your family people that are younger than you you can be more familiar you can take more liberties and then you would use the informal and we used to have that in english as well we used to have two different forms of the dress one was you you and the other was thou, right?
So thou was informal and thou was used with your friends, with your, with your wife or your husband, your girlfriend, your, your siblings. And then, and then you was used for the leaders of your community, maybe your landlord, the king, definitely, right? So people in positions of authority.
or had a higher rank, you would address them. And then eventually as time progressed, we lost that in English. We lost the thou. And now we just have you and we use you for everybody. So we say we've become more informal because now this formal you is informal.
It's formal. It's everything. Yeah. Spanish kept it, however.
So you have to use one or the other. Okay. And so this form is the formal and I, como se llama usted, I put usted in red here so that you can see that's the informal, I mean, sorry, that's the formal address.
That's you for people of, you know, that have a title or a higher rank. And then the informal would be almost the same. All right. So I'm going to write here for you como and then I'm going to put this part here. All right, so what is a little bit different?
This is what you're going to use now, the informal with your classmates. All right, so instead of usted, do any of you know what the informal is? I'm sure those of you who've taken Spanish before know that it is tú, right? So tú with the accent mark means you, informal. Okay, and...
So that whenever we use the to form, that this is the verb, the verb is going to have an S at the end of it. Okay, so the conjugation of the verb to match this will have an S. And this se, see the usted had the S, now we're doing the to, so the se is going to become te here. So that way you can see that they match.
Right? ¿Cómo te llamas tú? That would be asking someone, what is your name? Right?
But you're asking a friend, a peer, a colleague. If you were to address me in Espanol, you would ask me, since I have a title, ¿Cómo se llama usted? So the response, how you would respond to this, if someone were to ask you, you would say, here's the response.
Joe and Let me put this this Joe here's two that's you and then on this is I Joe and instead of say and say we're gonna make this Meh, okay, because now I'm talking about myself the man see has the M like myself Here, instead of the S, we're going to have an O. So whenever I talk about myself, the Joe has an O, so there's an O. Those two match. Yo me llamo, and then you give your name.
Yo me llamo Stacy. Yo me llamo Armando. Whatever your name is. Okay, now when someone introduces themselves to you, como te llamas?
me llamo Armando, then the next step is to say please to meet you. Right? So the most common is mucho gusto.
Okay? And mucho gusto, I would say to you mucho gusto, and then the person who responds would Also, say, they could respond with the same, mucho gusto, if they wanted to. We can also say, instead of mucho gusto, we could say encantado, right? So that's, I'm charmed, charmed to meet you, right? Encantado.
But that's, this is only for men who say it. If you're a male, you would say encantado. If you're a female, you would say encantada.
Okay? And these are interchangeable. Like I could say to you mucho gusto, and you could respond encantado. I could say encantada, and you could say mucho gusto.
Okay? Now, if someone says mucho gusto or encantado, another response. Would be, let's just do this. Let's just say.
Mucho gusto and encantado are equal. They mean the same thing. Encantado or encantada.
Okay? And you can respond to that with mucho gusto or encantado. And then we could also respond, the pleasure is mine. El gusto o el placer es mío.
Okay, this is the only one that changes the endings. Encantado and encantada. This one, okay? Encantado or encantada. The rest of them will keep the O's where they are.
You don't have to change those. I don't know if I made that really. Encantado or encantada. Okay, those are the only ones that change.
Another way to respond to mucho gusto, if someone says, pleased to meet you, you could say likewise, right? So another response to this would be igualmente. Repitan, igualmente. That's right. So igualmente and el gusto es mío or el placer es mío, those are responses.
You don't start out. Saying to someone, what's your name? And then say, likewise.
Unless your name is the same exact name that the person said, I suppose you could say likewise, right? But usually they'll say, pleased to meet you. And then you say, likewise.
Mucho gusto, igualmente. Or mucho gusto, el gusto es mio. Okay.
Vamos a practicar. So we're going to practice now so you can see how the dialogue flows and then we'll keep adding. Okay?
So let's start with what we did. Buenas tardes. ¿Cómo te llamas tú? Me llamo Mijel.
¿Y cómo se llama usted? Me llamo profesora McGarry. Encantada.
Mucho gusto. Muy bien. There you go. All right. So the next section.
Let's review the pronunciation first. Repitan. ¿Cómo estás? No muy bien.
¿Qué pasa? All right. so there's a lot more to it than what the book gives you so we're going to go over this in a little detail.
When it says como estas it has the S. So since the verb has the S we know that it's informal so we're going to be using the do with that okay that's what you're going to how you're going to say this to your classmates and if you were going to say that to me or to somebody else with the title formally then it would look like this. It would be, ¿Cómo está?
Right? Without the S. And then we would add the usted here instead.
¿Cómo está usted? Right? Now, another way of saying, ¿Cómo estás tú? informally is, ¿Qué tal? How are you?
All right, so ¿qué tal? and ¿cómo estás tú? are both informal that you can use with your friends and with your classmates.
All right, now there are three general ways that you can respond to this, right? So we will put here a happy face, just kind of a normal. expressionless face, and then let's do our little sad face.
Alright, so three different responses. So we have here, ¿Cómo estás tú? ¿Cómo estás? Bien. ¿Cómo estás?
Mal. ¿Cómo estás? Así, así.
Okay, those are the basics. Now we can build on this. And what I'd like to do is build on this and add more expressions so that you have a lot of different ways to be able to respond depending on your situation, but not make this super hard.
Just kind of try to use as many words that we're already familiar with. And we have a lot of words that are similar between Spanish and English. And those are great words because you've got There's a lot of studying involved with those, right?
Those words are called cognates. Cognates. And cognates are words that sound the same and look the same in two different languages, and they actually mean the same thing, right?
So we're going to put here, C-S-E, más o menos. And that means more or less. That's not so much of a cognate, más o menos. But how about normal? ¿Cómo estás?
Normal. Normal, right? It would be the equivalent of I'm okay, right?
Or regular, okay? Repita normal, regular. Repita más o menos.
¿Cómo estás? Así, así. Okay?
Those are different ways to respond to that. Okay, now we have bien, and we can... actually now make that a little happier.
Sorry, kind of looks like he's doing something with his little middle finger. Not what I meant to do. Okay. All right.
Yay! ¿Cómo estás? Muy bien.
Repitan muy bien. And we can put some words here that you're going to recognize. Excelente, fabuloso, fantástico. There's a whole bunch of those.
We can add magnífico if we want to, maravilloso, magnífico, maravilloso. So there's a whole bunch of cognates that we can use. So ¿cómo estás?
Repitan muy bien, excelente, fabuloso, fantástico, magnífico. Right, and we can do the same thing with mal here. So, ¿cómo estás? I'm not doing well, right? I'm doing poorly, mal.
And then we can, oh, qué lástima, estoy, we would say, muy mal. We can add that muy to it, and then it becomes undoing very poorly. Or we have a couple of other options. Let me done.
Horrible. Terrible. Okay. So those are your ways of responding to como estas.
or ¿qué tal? Now there's another expression, and I wonder if I can put that here, maybe you guys can see here, and that is ¿qué pasa? or ¿qué hay de nuevo?
All right, so ¿Qué pasa? means what's happening or in our lingo what's up, right? And ¿Qué hay de nuevo?
would mean what's new. So when someone asks you those questions, ¿Qué pasa? right? Can I say, hey, what's up? Can you respond, horrible or what's up?
Excellent. It's kind of funny, right? It doesn't work.
What's new? Oh, so-so. All right, it doesn't make sense, right? So these responses that I gave you work for up here for how are you doing, right?
How are you? I'm well, I'm excellent, I'm so-so. Okay.
Now, when someone asks you, ¿Qué pasa? Okay, de nuevo. What's new? Then you would tell them what's new.
You would say, oh, I just got off of work. You know, I'm going home. What's up?
Nothing much. or I just got paid and, you know, let's go out. Let's go get a bite to eat or something, right? Or you'll tell them what's happening.
So this, the longer responses to these questions will come with time as we learn more Spanish, then you'll be able to tell somebody what's going on, right? That's what the goal of this course is, to be able to explain things in Spanish and you'll be able to have longer conversations. For right now, we're limited in terms of what we can say.
If you're a Spanish speaker, then you can respond with more detail, right? But if you're just starting, what's up? I think nothing much, right?
So all the response that you would need to make to these two questions right now would be the response is nada. That means nothing, right? It's going to be the equivalent of nothing much for us in English. Nothing really. Okay, now another thing I want to point out here is the question is, ¿Qué pasa?
And I hear people in California here, some people say, ¿Qué pasó? ¿Qué pasó? And this expression is not a greeting. This is not when you meet a friend, you go, hey, ¿Qué pasó?
No, it's, hey, ¿Qué pasa? ¿Qué pasó? means what happened. This is the past tense.
What happened? That you would use if you see someone and like they look terrible, right? Or they had an accident.
They're walking in with a cast or like a sling in their arm or they're bruised. And you're like, what happened to you, right? Que pasó? That's what that's used for, okay?
So don't confuse them. If you're going up to someone in the present tense, you want to say, what's happening? Which would mean what's up? Now, right, so I'm going to cross that out.
You don't want to use that as a greeting that when we learn the past tense, you can use to find out what happened to someone. Okay, right here would be a great place to add a new phrase. When you do your in your introductions. It appears in the dialogues a little later. It's not on this list, but you should add it.
at this point right now. And that is you're going to ask someone where they're from. This is the point where that would happen, right? In Espanol, we would ask, ¿De dónde eres tú? Right?
So, ¿De dónde eres tú? So, where are you? And this means from.
This is, or from where are you? So, when you respond, You're going to respond, I am from another place that you're from. So notice that here we have de, and here we have de. This is from. That's really important, right?
Yo soy de Covina, right? Yo soy de Covina. This de is very important. You don't want to say, yo soy Covina. I am not Covina.
I am. from Covina. Yo soy de Rancho. Yo soy de Montclair. Yo soy de Baldwin Park.
So wherever it is that we're from, we're going to use the de, all right? Okay, so what we're going to do is we're going to put this together and see what it looks like in a... in a little conversation, in a dialogue. Okay, so now what we're going to do is we're going to put together what we have thus far, and we're going to model a little dialogue, how this would look in real life. Okay?
Oh, and notice as you're doing it. that one of us is going to initiate the conversation and then the other one is going to keep it going by asking questions too. So as you practice, make sure that you not only, if you're the one who's asking the questions, that's fine, but then your partner should...
respond and then keep the conversation going, right? By asking the questions back. So that's what a conversation is both ways, right? If you just respond and then say nothing else, the conversation's over.
Okay? Bueno. Buenos dias.
Buenos dias. ¿Cómo te llamas tú? Me llamo Miguel.
¿Y cómo se llama usted? My name is Mrs. McGarry. Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you too. Mijael, how are you? Excellent, as always.
And how are you? I'm fantastic. Thank you.
Mijael, where are you from? I'm from Los Angeles. And where are you from? I'm from Upland. Exactly.
Yes. Well... Hasta luego. Chao. There you go.
Yay. Okay, so let's continue with our list on the left side of our book. The last section of vocab.
Repitan conmigo, por favor. Here it is. Por favor. De nada.
No hay de qué. Lo siento. Gracias. Muchas gracias. Okay, so let's go over these in detail.
No hay de qué is the same as de nada, right? So de nada is the one that is most common. And it would mean... you know, I guess we say you're welcome. Some people say is the one that's more universally used.
No hay de que is very fancy. It's old fashioned. It's very, very, very polite.
It's actually a shortened version. It means it's the shortened version of there is nothing for which you need to thank me. Right. So no hay de que. darme las gracias.
So they left out darme las gracias and they just shortened it. So that's a little fancier. So let's practice this for a moment.
Okay, so ¿Cómo se dice please en español? Por favor. Okay, and how do you respond when someone does something for you?
Gracias. And if they do something really nice for you, muchas gracias. All right. Now, how do you respond when someone says gracias to you?
De nada. And if you are in a fancy or very formal situation, you can respond, no hay de qué. All right.
Now, if you are sorry. there are a couple of ways to say, I'm sorry. And this can be a little bit confusing.
Okay, so the book doesn't really delve into these distinctions. So I want to make that clear. So there's three different ways of saying I'm sorry for three different types of situations.
One is perdón, right? And perdón is... asking for someone's forgiveness. Perdón. El perdón is forgiveness.
So if you have done something wrong, if you have hurt someone or taken something that wasn't yours or just did something that was not nice and hurt someone, you would say, perdón, perdóneme, perdóname, all those types of... expressions. You could also say, disculpame or disculpeme.
So this with the A would be informal, with the E, disculpame would be formal. The usted form, asking someone, you know, who's older than you to forgive you, disculpame. This one, disculpa, disculpe. Sometimes people leave the me out. So those are...
Those are to ask for forgiveness. Okay. Now. That's the first.
The second is the expression lo siento. Okay? And lo siento comes from the verb sentir, which means to feel.
And you're saying, I feel it. So this is, many times this expression lo siento is used when someone is going through a hard time. Someone is facing challenging moments and you feel for them. right? It's an expression of compassion.
And it's like, we say, I'm sorry that you're going through that, right? But in Spanish, it's, I feel it, I feel it with you, right? Lo siento. So somebody tells you that, you know, one of their relatives is sick or has passed away. Lo siento.
They're going through something hard, okay? I suppose you could also feel it if you've done something wrong and you've hurt somebody. In that case, you could also say, lo siento mucho. I feel it. I'm really sorry for what I did.
I feel it. Okay? So in that case, it might also work. The third instance that is not clear for English speakers when we start, you know, learning Spanish is when we... we're in a group or in a crowd and we're trying to get through.
And when we try to, you know, get through a crowd or get by somebody, walk by them and want to be polite in English, we say, pardon me. Right. Or excuse me, excuse me, pardon me.
Right. And in Spanish, we don't say, because is not pardon in the sense of like how we would use it. this means I have done something wrong right I'm asking for your forgiveness and when you're trying to get through a group of people or pass somebody by you have done nothing wrong so if you say but along they're going to be very confused and they're going to be like why what did you do right so we don't say that what we say is confirm so so to pass through you know a group of people You say, with your permission, may I pass with your permission, right?
Con permiso. And so that is the most appropriate way to respond. All right, so that's the vocabulary in the contexto section, in the más vocabulario list, la lista.
de más vocabulario. So what I'm going to do is end this part of the video and do a part two with the dialogues. So you're going to see the pictures and what I'm going to do is I'm going to model them so that you can see what they sound like, what they would be like in real life, and then maybe in class we can practice them a little bit more with each other. classmates. Okay?
Entonces nos vemos en un momento. Okay? En el próximo video. Chao.