Development (Class 10 Economics)

Introduction

• Importance of understanding the concept of development
• Relevance to Class 10 Economics
• Simplifying complex concepts
• Context of different people's perspectives

Homework

• Complete homework based on today's class
• Google Form link provided in the description

Different People, Different Goals

• Development varies with individual perspectives
• Examples of different goals:
  • Salary increase
  • High marks in exams
  • Becoming a doctor
  • Starting a business
• Conflicting goals scenario:
  • Rich contractor vs. slum dwellers
  • Student ready for a test vs. those not prepared

Mix of Goals

• People often seek a mix of goals beyond income
• Examples of non-monetary goals:
  • Regular work and wages
  • Decent prices for crops/products
  • Equal treatment, freedom, security, respect
• Saving income is not the sole indicator of development
• More money does not always mean better life

National Development

• Varying definitions based on individual perspectives:
  • Eradicating poverty
  • Improving literacy rates
  • Ensuring food and shelter for everyone
• Conflicting national development goals:
  • Constructing a dam vs. displacement of residents

Comparing Countries and States

• Criteria for comparison:
  • Developed vs. underdeveloped countries
  • Income levels
  • Use of average income vs. total income
• Flaws of total income as an indicator
• Average income (per capita income) calculation
  • Total income / Population = Average income
• Example: Discrepancies between Country A and B based on income distribution

Limitations of Average Income

• Does not account for income distribution disparity
• Ignores important indicators like health and education
• Health and education are vital for a true measure of development:
  • Health indicator: Infant mortality rate
  • Education indicator: Literacy rate, Net attendance ratio
• Using multiple indicators for a comprehensive measure
  • Example: Kerala vs. Haryana

World Bank vs. UNDP Criteria

• World Bank: Uses average income
• UNDP (United Nations Development Programme): Uses education, health, and per capita income
• Human Development Report by UNDP
• Comparing various countries using multiple indicators
• Life expectancy as an indicator

BMI (Body Mass Index)

• Indicator of nutritional levels
• Calculation: Weight (kg) / [Height (m)]^2
  • Under 18.5: Undernourished
  • Over 25: Overweight
  • Between 18.5 – 25: Normal

Public Facilities

• Government's role in providing collective goods and services
• Examples: Health services, public distribution system
• Impact on society's overall development

Sustainability of Development

• Balancing present and future needs
• Overuse of resources can jeopardize future availability
• Examples of unsustainable practices:
  • Groundwater overuse
  • Depletion of crude oil reserves

Conclusion

• Summary of key points: individual and national development, importance of various indicators, and sustainability
• Encourage revision and attempt the homework