Lecture Notes: Hazards of Working with Cement

Introduction

• Cement has been used for centuries in construction.
• Common uses include mortar for brick and block, grout for repairs, and ready-mixed concrete.
• While many handle cement safely, it poses potential hazards if not handled correctly.

Nature of Cement

• Alkaline Properties:
  • Cement is alkaline and becomes strongly basic when mixed with water.
  • Strong bases can be harmful, similar to strong acids.
• Abrasive Nature:
  • Contains abrasive sand which can irritate and damage the skin, making it more susceptible to chemicals.
• Water Absorption:
  • Absorbs water from materials it contacts, causing dryness.

Hazards of Wet Cement

• Chemical Burns:
  • Reactions range from mild irritation to severe chemical burns (cement burns).
  • Cement burns occur when lime water and alkaline chemicals penetrate the skin slowly.
• Irritant Dermatitis:
  • Direct contact with concrete or mortar can cause dermatitis.
  • Indirect contact through tools, cement dust, or contaminated clothing.
  • Washing skin with cool, clean water can prevent further damage.

Protective Measures

• Clothing:
  • Wear long pants, long sleeves, rubber boots, chemical-resistant gloves, and safety glasses.
• Preventative Practices:
  • Remove cement-saturated clothing immediately to prevent indirect contact.
  • Use dry boards or waterproof pads when kneeling on wet cement.

Indirect Contact Risks

• Saturation of Protective Clothing:
  • Wet cement can saturate clothing, holding caustic water against skin.
  • Severe cases can lead to hospitalization and permanent scarring.

Sensitivity and Allergies

• Variability in Sensitivity:
  • Reactions can occur from first exposure or develop after years.
  • Allergic dermatitis can develop from certain chemicals in cement.
• Allergic Reactions:
  • Estimated 5-15% of regular handlers may develop this allergy.
  • Reactions can range from mild rashes to severe ulcers.

Prevention and Safety

• General Safety Tips:
  • Ensure thorough understanding of hazards and safe practices.
  • Review material safety data sheets and product warnings.
  • Immediate medical attention for persistent or severe discomfort.

Conclusion

• Awareness and proper precautions can significantly reduce risks.
• Cement remains a valuable construction material when handled safely.